how does the body deal with unhealthy amounts of sugar intake? or food intake in general?

like for instance lets say a hot dog eating contest competitor who eats 50 hot dogs...what does the body do with all those hot dogs....

do they not eat for the next couple of days? because somtimes ill overeat and still be full the next day. but when people eat like that im just wondering how it all works like does the body eventually not even break down the nutrients in the food and just let it pass trough or what?.