Different types of police officers and their duties?

Question

I have always wondered this but have never really figured it out: What are the different types of police officers and what are their main duties? 

For example, when I am driving on the road, I see Constables, Sheriffs, city police, and State Troopers. If someone could please cover what the duties are of each of these types of officers, I would appreciate it. Also, if you can think of anymore that I missed, please include those too.

Furthermore, which of those listed above (or any that I missed) are primarily responsible for enforcing traffic laws?

Thanks. I will give the best answer to the most helpful person.

polizeitaucher · Accepted Answer

This answer will actually vary from state to state but here is some of what I know in the Northwest:
State Troopers- Also known as Highway patrol. They usually work for the Governor of the state primarily doing enforcement on state highways. Mainly they deal with traffic crimes, infractions, and crashes. In Washington, Oregon and Alaska they also do fish and game law enforcement and dignitary protection. 

Sheriffs- Sheriffs are elected at the county level. They take care of law enforcement in the county including boat patrol (waterways), search and rescue, and civil enforcement such as evictions or restraining orders. Sheriff's are usually also in charge of the county jail. 

City police- These officers take care of law enforcement inside the city limits of the city they serve. Generally they work for a commissioner or mayor.  

All of these type of agencies may have K-9's, SWAT, motorcycles and various other types of specialty work. Not sure about the constables as we don't have them up this way.

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Different types of police officers and their duties?

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