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Paper # 2

The Middle East prior the 1900s was a astonishing region contrast to today’s Middle East which is just a total mess starting with the emergence of Wahhabism and Zionism; and the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. Prior to these religious and political movements, the Middle East was a much better place to live in. Not how things are today with war and the Middle East being a bloodbath. The Middle East is a place with rich culture and history. You have many wonderful cultures that came to surface from this region. The Assyrians were the first civilized people in the world; their culture goes back many centuries before the Romans and The Greeks. The Persian Empire emerged around 500 B.C. and they are known to be one of the greatest empires from the Ancient World. At the time, the Middle East was known as Mesopotamia. Much of Mesopotamia included Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Hittite Empires, Assyrian empires which consisted of large portions of Iraq, much of Syria, and parts of Turkey. They had a superb way of living; from family life to sports, culture, and music. Hunting for instance was a popular sport within the Assyrian kinds, as well as boxing and wrestling. They had their own music which much of it was for their gods rather than personal hearing. Family life was pretty typical of what we see today, women cooked and men went out to work. Some of the foods that we eat today like Baklava come from Assyria. They had their own schools and governments and did trading with neighboring civilizations. The Assyrians, for example had their own house structures, built villages, made pottery, had laws amongst its people and amazing architecture. Many of the things that started in Mesopotamia (The Middle East) were barrowed by future empires like the Egyptians and Persians which the Greeks and Romans barrowed from them. Many things that started in the Middle East millennia ago we still share and use today.

It’s been noted that Africa (North Eastern) is the birthplace of mankind but the birthplace of civilization itself is in Mesopotamia. It was here where man had its first culture, economics, military and political structure. Many archeologist travels to the Middle East because of this, from Palestine to Afghanistan, scientists have found many artifacts of past civilizations. The Middle East is the birthplace of all three monotheistic religions. Therefore when many people argue why the Quran, Bible, Torah is so bias and does not talk about prophets in the Far East, the north, or the new world it is because of this. However, it is noted in both Islam and Christianity that god scattered 124,000 prophets to the world. Some scholars believe that Socrates and Buddha was a prophet. Nevertheless, today the Middle East is not what it was many centuries or even years ago. Today we have disunity, war, corruption, and oppression in The Middle East which takes its root close the turn of the 19th century. Around this time, Egypt broke away from the Ottoman Empire, and many of the Empires regions were decreasing. The Young Turks began to emerge from the Ottomans, a group of ruthless and hungry for power rebels. Arabia was beginning to form a new kingdom and the Caliphate (Islamic Government) was beginning to fall apart. I believe that with the fall of the Caliphate that is when the Middle East began to crumble and I will discuss this later in the paper. The Caliphate kept the Umaah (Muslim World) united and when it fell so did many teachings of Islam within governments. Caliphate was like a democratic nation, they had their own system and voting system. Islam was not spread by the sword during these times of the first few Caliphates. It was spread through missionaries, however some accounts suggests that during the beginning days of the Young Turks Islam was spread through the Sword. Moreover this is when Islam’s traditional ways began to fall under governments. You no longer had Holy Wars, like Saladin and King Richard The Lion heart’s Crusade Wars. At the 18 century you had wars for greed and power, and one Muslim nation vs another. Like the War with Muhammad Ali of Egypt vs. the Turks or the Young Turks vs. the Arabs. Western Influence began to pray upon old Muslim nations and old dynasties began to crumble.

With the fall of the Caliphate many nations took separate political roles. Turkey became a secular nation, as did Egypt and Saudi Arabia became a kingdom. One man in particular was Abdul Wahhab, who was born around 1703 in the desert of yellow sand dunes in Arabia. When Abdul Wahhab was sent to school to Madina, it was there that he met a young local ruler named Mohammad Ibn Saud. The two bonded quickly and soon agreed to partner up to unite and rule Arabia. They began to plan what they wanted, “the two men made a pact. The chieftain agreed to recognize Wahhab as the top religious authority of the Muslim community and do all he could to implement his visions; the preacher, for his part, agreed to recogni