Analyse the role of RNA during protein synthesis?

There are 3 main types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. All three cooperate in translation (protein synthesis).

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Translation occurs on organelles called ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of both proteins and rRNA. In fact, the catalytic part of the ribosome - the part that links the amino acids together into a growing polypeptide chain - is made from rRNA, not protein.

mRNA (messenger RNA)

mRNA serves as an information messenger, carrying (a complementary copy of) the genetic information stored in DNA to ribosomes. At the ribosome, the order of bases in mRNA determines the order in which amino acids are incorporated into a growing polypeptide. A non-overlapping series of 3 consecutive RNA bases in mRNA, read in frame, is called a codon. The ribosome reads one mRNA codon at a time.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to the ribosome. Above it was said that a ribosome reads one mRNA codon at a time: that codon specifies which of the 20 common amino acids should be brought to the ribosome. The logical mapping of mRNA codons to amino acids is called the genetic code, and is essentially universal. tRNA is the adaptor molecule that implements the genetic code. It has 2 special locations: at the top is the acceptor stem, where a particular one of the 20 amino acids binds; at the bottom is the anticodon loop, consisting of 3 tRNA bases. The tRNA that brings its specific amino acid to the ribosome is the one whose anticodon is complementary to the codon currently being read by the ribosome.

Transcription: DNA becoming mRNA. First HELICASE creates two strands in DNA. PRIMASE lays down a PRIMER (starting point of RNA POLYMERASE). Then, the 5' to 3' strand is used by RNA POLYMERASE to create the complementary strand which becomes 3' to 5'. A becomes URACIL or (U) instead of T, T becomes A, G becomes C and C becomes G. NO THYMINE IN RNA. For example 5' ATCGT 3' becomes 3' UAGCA 5' Then, it becomes a mRNA. Translation: mRNA becomes a protein. First, the mRNA attaches to the RIBOSOME. tRNA then comes and it contains a ANTICODON(opposite of the starting CODON which is UAC).[a CODON is a group of 3 nucleotides(A, G, U, or C). So, a codon could be AUG or CUA... Each codon is a specific AMINO ACID.] The tRNA finds the starting codon(ALWAYS AUG/ AKA AMINO ACID METHIONINE) by binding to it using the complementary anticodon. There are 3 sites in the in the rRNA, A, P, and E. Remember E as Exit, P as Protein, and A as Accept It moves in a line, from the 5' to 3'. The starting codon would be P, and the one next to it(3' side) will be the A. The amino acids then form a PEPTIDE BOND, the chain created from P always adding the amino acid from A. Then the whole site moves towards the 3' side, and continues in a line. The E site will become the previous P, and the P will become the previous A. When it reaches a STOPPING CODON(UGA, UAG or UAA), the amino acid chain becomes a PROTEIN. REMEMBER, IN A PROTEIN, THE STARTING CODON IS NOT INCLUDED(FIRST METHIONINE, if in the sequence, it will be included!). This is basically what Translation is.

I did this 2 years ago and haven't touched Biology since, but, I think there is two types of RNA. mRNA, which is messenger RNA copies the DNA and then takes it to the new DNA strand that is being formed. I can't remember the other type, I think it was tRNA, but I can't remember what the t stands for.

Read your text book!!!!!!!!!!!!!