my telescope is not seeing far enough?

I have a 6 inch telescope too, and I took these pictures with it. (See the source.)

The planets in those pictures look about as large as they would in the telescope at 300x or so. It is only the camera scale and digital image processing that makes them look so big and detailed though. They look a lot smaller at 200x, which I find to be the best magnification to use on planets, if the "seeing" that night is good, where "seeing" means how much shimmering the atmosphere is causing. A 6mm eyepiece will give you 200x, and you can buy one from Orion. 120x is a good magnification too most of the time. The planets look a bit small but you can still see the detail. Just smaller.

Mars is a really tough target. You will see in the series of pictures on my web page how it changes size a lot as it comes closer and goes farther from Earth in its orbit. Just now it is pretty far, looking as small as the smallest images I have. The details on Mars are very low contrast visually, compared to these very high contrast photographs, looking totally washed and practically blank visually. You can see what I mean from one of the pictures of Mars on my web page, where I processed it to look more realistic, like it looks to my eye in the telescope. But that image was taken in August 2003 when Mars was as close as it ever gets to Earth. Imagine the smallest image all washed out like that and that is what you are seeing now.

Saturn's Moon Titan will not show a disk in your telescope. Titan is too small and too far away and your telescope is too small. Even the largest moons of Jupiter are a bit small for you to see as disks in a 6 inch telescope.

And lastly, you are easily seeing far enough. You just aren't seeing clearly enough and big enough. That is always the problem with planets, because they appear so small. But things like the Orion nebula are different. They are large and will look good even at 48x. Orion is still up if you look right after twilight tonight and for a few days or weeks more. Give it a try. Be aware though that it will be dimmer than a planet. Deep sky objects, even though they are much more distant than planets, usually look much bigger but are also much dimmer. It is brightening and not magnifying that is needed for these things. And a very dark sky far from city lights, although the Orion nebula is the brightest one and can be seen pretty well from most cities.

120x is not really enough magnification for Mars - really you need to double it at least and wait for good seeing conditions. Mars is never particularly big and we are not even close to it at the moment.

As for Titan, yes that is all it appears to look like. The moons need a very good scope to even make out the colours. Remember they are fairly small and a long way away - they don't look to be anything more than stars.

That's about all you can see with a larger scope too - my university owns a 12-inch, and yeah, Mars is a red circle and Titan is a dot. You'd need a professional grade telescope to see more, and then they're too bright to photograph in most cases. So I suggest you look at the beautiful fly-by pictures taken by satellites and then appreciate that you can see rings of Saturn yourself.