What were the characteristics of October revolution?

The October Revolution was a revolt led by an intellectual elite - the "Vanguard of the Proletariat", on behalf of the working men and women of the Russian Empire. It took place some eight months after the February Revolution swept away the Monarchy.

The February Revolution was swamped by the the October Revolution because it lacked democratic legitimacy. The Provisional Government was the re-constituted last State Duma. It refused an election to a promised interim government - the Constituent Assembly - saying that Russia would hold elections after the war.

The Petrograd Soviet was seen by many as a genuinely democratic institution, as it's members were elected to it from the garrisons and factories of the capital.

The Bolshevik slogans "Bread, Land and Peace" and "All Power to the Soviets" sum up the other major factors: The cities were starving as the peasants were now in uniform fighting in the war - they could not plough, sow or harvest the crops. And the food delivery infrastructure had broken down. The peasants wanted the Provisional Government to give them the land they worked on - it didn't, and the most of the land was still owned by the aristocracy. And Russia was doing badly in the war and most people wanted Russia to withdraw from it.

Soviets were seen as genuinely democratic bodies - they were mostly formed spontaneously and ran everything from factories to city blocks. By demanding All Power to the Soviets the Bolsheviks were tapping into popular democratic demands.

Other factors:

Lenin was a dedicated, determined and capable leader. He motivated his party and, through agitation & propaganda, the Bolsheviks became very popular in the army and in the factories.

Trotsky was an extremely gifted administrator. He was the chairman of the Milrevkom - the Military Revolutionary Committee - this was the organisation that orchestrated the events of October 1917.

The leadership of the party was loyal to Lenin, and they followed his orders with conviction.

The party had a competent propaganda machine, producing newspapers, banners, posters and setting up recruitment drives in the army and factories.

See:

The Bolsheviks in Russian Society - Vladimir Brovkin

The Russian Revolution - Sheila Fitzpatrick

The October Revolution - Roy Medvedev

http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subjec...

http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/revolu...