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Need help with simple induction proof... 10 pts!?

Got a test coming up, and I need some help with a practise question... Need to prove this by induction:

Reccurence relation: m_i = m_(i-1) + m(i - 3) + 1, i >= 3

Initial conditions: m_0 = 1, m_1 = 2, m_2 = 3

Prove m_i >= 2^(i/3)

(note: m_i means i is subscript to m)

Thanks guys!

2 Answers

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  • 10 years ago
    Favorite Answer

    We will prove the stronger result, P(n), that m_n ≥ 3^(n/3), for all n ≥ 0.

    Base case:

    P(0) is true, since 1 ≥ 3^0 = 1.

    P(1) is true, since 2 ≥ 3^(1/3), since 2³ ≥ 3.

    P(2) is true, since 3 ≥ 3^(2/3).

    Note that 3^(2/3) > 2 <=> 3² > 2³. We will need this result below.

    Now we show that, for n > 2, P(n-3) and P(n-1) together imply P(n).

    m_n = m_(n-1) + m_(n-3) + 1 ≥ 3^((n-1)/3) + 3^((n-3)/3) + 1, by the induction hypothesis.

    = 3^((n-3)/3) (3^(2/3) + 1) + 1

    > 3^(n/3) + 1, since 3^(2/3) > 2.

    Hence, by mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ≥ 0.

    Thus m_i ≥ 3^(i/3) ≥ 2^(i/3), for all i ≥ 0.

    (This is a form of strong induction, sometimes called complete induction; see the first link below.)

    Table of value for n, m_n, 3^(n/3), 2^(n/3), for n = 0, 1, ... 10:

    0, 1, 1.0, 1.0

    1, 2, 1.44224957031, 1.25992104989

    2, 3, 2.08008382305, 1.58740105197

    3, 5, 3.0, 2.0

    4, 8, 4.32674871092, 2.51984209979

    5, 12, 6.24025146916, 3.17480210394

    6, 18, 9.0, 4.0

    7, 27, 12.9802461328, 5.03968419958

    8, 40, 18.7207544075, 6.34960420787

    9, 59, 27.0, 8.0

    10, 87, 38.9407383983, 10.0793683992

    11, 128, 56.1622632224, 12.6992084157

    12, 188, 81.0, 16.0

    13, 276, 116.822215195, 20.1587367983

    14, 405, 168.486789667, 25.3984168315

    15, 594, 243.0, 32.0

    16, 871, 350.466645585, 40.3174735966

    17, 1277, 505.460369002, 50.796833663

    18, 1872, 729.0, 64.0

    19, 2744, 1051.39993675, 80.6349471933

    20, 4022, 1516.381107, 101.593667326

  • ?
    Lv 4
    5 years ago

    we are able to coach by employing mathematical induction: First we practice that fact is actual for n = a million a million^3 - a million = 0 Now we practice that if fact is actual for n = ok-a million, then it is likewise actual for n = ok actual for n = ok-a million: (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) is divisible by employing 6 (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) = ok^3 - 3k^2 + 3k - a million - ok + a million = ok^3 - ok - 3k^2 + 3k = ok^3 - ok - 3k(ok - a million) ok^3 - ok = (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) + 3k(ok - a million) Now (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) is divisible by employing 6 and 3k(ok - a million) is divisible by employing the two 3 and a pair of (considering one in all ok or ok-a million is even) ok^3 - ok is sum of two numbers divisible by employing 6 consequently ok^3 - ok is divisible by employing 6 So, by employing mathematical induction, fact is actual for all n >= a million

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