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Need help with simple induction proof... 10 pts!?
Got a test coming up, and I need some help with a practise question... Need to prove this by induction:
Reccurence relation: m_i = m_(i-1) + m(i - 3) + 1, i >= 3
Initial conditions: m_0 = 1, m_1 = 2, m_2 = 3
Prove m_i >= 2^(i/3)
(note: m_i means i is subscript to m)
Thanks guys!
2 Answers
- quinticLv 610 years agoFavorite Answer
We will prove the stronger result, P(n), that m_n ≥ 3^(n/3), for all n ≥ 0.
Base case:
P(0) is true, since 1 ≥ 3^0 = 1.
P(1) is true, since 2 ≥ 3^(1/3), since 2³ ≥ 3.
P(2) is true, since 3 ≥ 3^(2/3).
Note that 3^(2/3) > 2 <=> 3² > 2³. We will need this result below.
Now we show that, for n > 2, P(n-3) and P(n-1) together imply P(n).
m_n = m_(n-1) + m_(n-3) + 1 ≥ 3^((n-1)/3) + 3^((n-3)/3) + 1, by the induction hypothesis.
= 3^((n-3)/3) (3^(2/3) + 1) + 1
> 3^(n/3) + 1, since 3^(2/3) > 2.
Hence, by mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ≥ 0.
Thus m_i ≥ 3^(i/3) ≥ 2^(i/3), for all i ≥ 0.
(This is a form of strong induction, sometimes called complete induction; see the first link below.)
Table of value for n, m_n, 3^(n/3), 2^(n/3), for n = 0, 1, ... 10:
0, 1, 1.0, 1.0
1, 2, 1.44224957031, 1.25992104989
2, 3, 2.08008382305, 1.58740105197
3, 5, 3.0, 2.0
4, 8, 4.32674871092, 2.51984209979
5, 12, 6.24025146916, 3.17480210394
6, 18, 9.0, 4.0
7, 27, 12.9802461328, 5.03968419958
8, 40, 18.7207544075, 6.34960420787
9, 59, 27.0, 8.0
10, 87, 38.9407383983, 10.0793683992
11, 128, 56.1622632224, 12.6992084157
12, 188, 81.0, 16.0
13, 276, 116.822215195, 20.1587367983
14, 405, 168.486789667, 25.3984168315
15, 594, 243.0, 32.0
16, 871, 350.466645585, 40.3174735966
17, 1277, 505.460369002, 50.796833663
18, 1872, 729.0, 64.0
19, 2744, 1051.39993675, 80.6349471933
20, 4022, 1516.381107, 101.593667326
- ?Lv 45 years ago
we are able to coach by employing mathematical induction: First we practice that fact is actual for n = a million a million^3 - a million = 0 Now we practice that if fact is actual for n = ok-a million, then it is likewise actual for n = ok actual for n = ok-a million: (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) is divisible by employing 6 (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) = ok^3 - 3k^2 + 3k - a million - ok + a million = ok^3 - ok - 3k^2 + 3k = ok^3 - ok - 3k(ok - a million) ok^3 - ok = (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) + 3k(ok - a million) Now (ok-a million)^3 - (ok-a million) is divisible by employing 6 and 3k(ok - a million) is divisible by employing the two 3 and a pair of (considering one in all ok or ok-a million is even) ok^3 - ok is sum of two numbers divisible by employing 6 consequently ok^3 - ok is divisible by employing 6 So, by employing mathematical induction, fact is actual for all n >= a million