In philosophy, what is deduction and induction?

Deduction is a process of reasoning based on conclusions that must follow from their premises and contain no more information than is already contained in the premises. For instance: x = y; y = z; therefore, x = z is an example of deductive reasoning. The premises (x = y and y = z) already contain the information in the conclusion (x = z), and the conclusion must follow from the premises. Mathematics provides innumerable examples of deductive reasoning.

Induction is a process of reasoning that requires the addition of some information or assumption that is not found in the premises to arrive at its conclusion, and the conclusion is, therefore, not certain, but probabilistic. For instance, x has always followed y; therefore, y probably causes x is an example of inductive reasoning. The conclusion is not contained in the premise, but is inferred from it. Inductive reasoning can seem certain, but there is always a chance that it is wrong.