Can my professor decide to schedule a test less than 12 hours before we have it?

He's the professor.

Is there like some set of rules out there saying he can't?

When I was in school the professors could schedule tests any time they wanted to.

Have you ever heard of 'pop quiz'?

He can schedule it 3 minutes before you have it. It's called a spot test.

"I'm not comfortable with any of the material."

Didn't it occur to you that this was a problem before you were told there was a test? Why didn't you go see him last week and ask for help?

I dont think there would be any rule against it, but it IS unfair. Being me, Im pretty stubborn and I say that you guys should protest and none of the class should show up, but if you DONT want to fail, just study as hard as you can with a friend and hope and pray you dont do bad on the test. Good luck!! :)

Do you have class normally scheduled at that time? If so, then the professor can do anything in class.

Yes, as long as it's pertaining to material already covered or you were required to read. Hope it's an open book. Pop quizzes are allowed.

He's the prof he can do as he damn well pleases, get studying.