Describe the steps involved in taking the information in a gene and using it to make a protein.?

1.Transcription

In the nucleus, enzymes make a RNA copy using a portion of DNA. The RNA is then transformed into a messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the pores and gets into the cytoplasm. Here, the mRNA mixes with the ribosome, which begins the process of protein synthesis. So basically in this stage, RNA is created, so it can go and make instruct the making of protein.

2.Transferal

In this stage, an amino acid activating enzyme attaches an amino acid to one end of transfer RNA (tRNA), also called an adaptor molecule. On the other end of the adaptor is a condon (a specific three-nucleotide code) which will be used when the adaptor reaches the mRNA. Once the condon is retrieved, the mRNA continues to the ribosome. So basically, in this stage, an adaptor is connected to an amino acid so it can be energized and have enough strength to continue its journey.

3.Translation

At this point, one amino acid is attached to an adaptor. Remember that it takes many amino acids to make up one protein. Therefore, there must be a way to link these amino acids into a single protein in order to complete protein synthesis. This is where the ribosome comes in which is so good at producing proteins that is often termed a "protein factory." The ribosome "reads" the start condon (AUG) and associates it with the proper amino acid. Once all the amino acids have been linked, mRNA signals STOP. The ribosome releases the mRNA and the amino acid, and a protein has been made.