Components of a router?

Which is it? A router or a combined modem-router? You ask for a deep description but neglect to ask a specific question.

You are obviously talking about a "residential gateway device" with modem capabilities.

Otherwise, Keith is right. A real router is JUST a router with RAM, ROM, and NVRAM, a few interfaces, and some dude serialing in and running archaic commands to make the internets as you know it functional.

But... residential gateways with modem capabilities:

A router to route between the WAN interface and the LAN interface.

A stateful firewall to provide NAT/PAT and port-forwarding since you PROBABLY run private IP space.

An ethernet switch, because a few LAN ports are better than 1.

Services such as DHCP server and DNS relay. Maybe even SNTP. RADIUS, who knows. Some can even do SMB and NFS for file services to a USB port. Log files and SNTP are sometimes an option.

A web interface, maybe a telnet or SSH interface so you can administer the device.

If you want one with modem capabilities then a DOCSIS or ADSL modem built in.

If you want one with WIFI capabilies, then radios and antennas, software, and services to provide 802.11-series functions like WPA.

But to be clear, a router is NOT the same thing as a residential multifunction gateway device.

Router Components (External)

A router can be configured over any of its network interfaces. You can supply configuration information to a router using:-

TFTP servers : Trivial File Transfer Protocol; A simplified version of FTP that allows files to be transferred from one computer to another over a network.

virtual terminals

network management stations

Router Components (internal)

ROM

Flash Memory

RAM

NVRAM

Network Interfaces

hi A router is incredibly uncomplicated in time period of hardware. it really is almost a hub yet with an OS (operating device- or community operating device), a cpu and some RAM. The OS calculate what direction each and each packet ought to take to succeed in very last destination or next HOP (the subsequent step)-both community community or information superhighway

Internal components:

ROM:- Used to store the routers bootstrap details, operating system software.

Flash memory: - holds the operating systems images. The content is retained when the router is restarted.

RAM: - Used to store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching and buffering details. Content is lost when lost router is switched off or restarted.

NVRAM:- Stores the routers startup config files. Data is non volatile.

Network interfaces to connect router to network.

External components:

Virtual terminals: For accessing routers

Network management stations.