Can someone give me a short, brief, condensed outline of the British government?

What is the Queen's actual function? Does she have real power or is she just a figurehead?

Theoretically, she has a whole bunch of powers, including the power to go to war without Parliament's approval, accredit ambassadors and all sorts of other things. These are broadly referred to as the Royal Prerogative.

In day to day life she just does whatever the Prime Minister says and is constitutionally bound to advise and to warn on any courses of action they choose.

What is the name of the current Prime Minister? What exactly is the Prime Minister? Is he an elected executive officer? How often is a Prime Minister elected? That is to say, what is the length of his term in office.

The current Prime Minister is David Cameron. The PM, as in Australia (where I'm from), is the leader of the party which commands a majority in the House of Commons. If the US was a Westminster system, for example, John Boehner would be the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister does NOT have term limits. They are commissioned by the Queen and continue to hold office until they die, resign, are defeated at a general election, or are rolled by their own party. In the UK, Prime Ministers face election at election time, which is every 5 years (3 in Australia). They are elected to Parliament by the people but it is the political party who determines who the leader is.

Does each country (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have its own executive officer; what is his title?

England - No; Wales; Yes, First Minister of Wales; Scotland - Yes, First Minister of Scotland; Ireland: Yes, First Minister of Northern Ireland

Is parliament a proper word for the Houses of Lords and Commons? What, in a word, is the function of the Houses?

Collectively, yes. The function of the Houses in one word would be Congress - same idea.

What do you call the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government? Is the government clearly divided into these three branches?

There aren't three defined branches in the UK. The Crown and its ministers are the Executive, the judiciary is the judiciary and the legislative arm is the Parliament. Since 2005 the judicial arm has been separated from Parliament; before then, the House of Lords was the highest appeals court in the United Kingdom (before the Privy Council).

Blue Pink Red Green Blank !

Democratic......if you don't like them you have a chance every 4 or 5 years to change them....!

Dishonest - self opinionated - self regulating - untrustworthy - not interested in the indigenous British people.