my 22 month old refuses to hold my hand and does not like the reins, when we are out.?

Don't let him win. You are the boss, your rules. If he refuses to hold your hand or use the reins and has a tantrum, he goes in the buggy or gets picked up to reinforce that it's not down to him. NEVER give in to a tantrum because as soon as you do, they know it will work and will continue to use the tactic. Even giving in once can put you back weeks when you're trying to enforce the rules so don't give in. Hang in there, you're the boss, make sure he knows.

You need to be firm and let him know you are in charge, and put the reins on. He is at the age of having tantrums, and you can expect it to last until he is at least 4, maybe 5. At least you get a break then when he starts school.

Let him scream. When he sees that you are taking no notice he will shut up. Then you can either hold his hand or use the reins. I used to stand behind my small Grandson so he could not see me. Thrashing and screaming on the pavement. Once he saw no one was bothered he stopped.

Don't give in.

UK

So? He has the choice between having comparative freedom by holding your hand or walking on a leash, or he can be strapped down in a stroller or worn on your body. No need to make this into a battle. Having his hand held is a condition of the freedom to walk.

As a mum & grandma I would give a short slap across the hands and tell him to do what he is told. They all try this honey to see how far they can take you and if you dont stop the tantrums now they will only get worse, Good Luck

try telling him he even holds your hand/the reins or go into the pram

with my 3 kids we allowed them to walk independently (even at 22months) - with the reins being a naughty strap for running off/ messing around

I wore my daughter in a carrier, on my back, until she was 2+. I just flat out didn't take my son anywhere that he couldn't ride in a cart until he was closer to 3. And then we would go into small stores and practice him following me.