how generally in several cases has the supreme court rules on the teaching of evolution?

The Surpreme Court is there to settle controversies over Constitutional matters.

Say that tomorrow, the State of Texas institutes a law forcing every school to include the Christian story of genesis as an account for biodiversity. Some people in Washington might get stirred up about it and suppose they decide to bring this before the SCOTUS. Obviously, the court would hear the case. Same if Washington issues a legal prohibition of such teachings in public schools -- the court would hear the case.

Its role is to interpret the laws -- and, more precisely, to interpret the Constitution. If this is a matter where States are sovereign, then it would simply render irrelevant the hypothetical ban instituted by Washington; if it's a matter where Texas infringed upon people's right by trying to legislate on religious matters, that law would also be over turned.

It hasn't.

it's not a Supreme Court issue. Education is a matter for the states.

That would be like ruling on the teaching of 2+2=4 or the teaching of chemistry. The SCOTUS doesn't rule on facts. Facts are facts. There's no debate about what is plainly true, at least not among educated rational people.

NOW---there could be rulings on the teaching of 'creationism', since this is the intrusion of religion into public education.