Can you transfer JLPT scores to colleges for language credit?

It really depends on the university you're going to, but for the most part, it's unlikely. From JLPT.com:

"Can I get college credit for passing the JLPT?

Although the JLPT is highly regarded as a reputable measure of proficiency throughout the world, official affiliation with or endorsement from any academic institution does not exist. It has been reported that some US universities require their Japanese language majors to pass a certain level of JLPT for completion of their degree and some US high school Japanese programs give extra credit for taking the test. In addition, some Japanese institutions require foreign students to pass either a level 1 or 2 JLPT for admission. However, such issuing of merit for passing a certain level of JLPT is entirely at the discretion of each academic institution. Please check with your home institution for their JLPT policy."

Which basically means that some schools use the JLPT for passing requirements, but since there's no official affiliation from any academic institution, you won't be able to earn actual credit for it.

If your degree requires a foreign language but has no foreign language classes, how exactly is anyone supposed to graduate with that degree? You may want to clarify that point with your advisors.

Thank you very much! And, I did point out the fact about their having no language courses, to which they told me, "You pass a language proficiency test." Kind of dumb, if they won't offer a class to even do well on a test!