Can a Springfield 1903 be fitted with a 270 barrel?

Yes a 1903 Springfield can be fitted with a .270 barrel and for any other cartridge based on the .308/.30-06 with no other modifications. You can also rebarrel to virtually any of the belted magnum cases in the 2.5 inch length range if you're will to have the bolt face opened up. I had one barreled in .257 Roberts.

Yes. The 270 cartridge will cycle through the action just fine as it is a 30-06 casing necked down to 270.

there is really no point garylee, you should just keep it chambered 30-06. If you plan on hunting with it and want a 270 because it damages less usable meat then you're barking up the wrong tree. A small light weight projectle moving fast do a lot of damage as was proven by the m16 for the last 48 years

Why? Spending money to go from choice A to A 1 seems futile

30-06 is versatile.

It is certainly technically possible, but I don't know anyone that makes them outright. Criterion products include .308 win barrels for the M1903, but not .270 win.

Why? .30-06 is a better cartridge.

Optimistic answer for a change. If your action is good then have at it. You`re in for a treat money-wise if you can`t do most of the work yourself. Paying someone other than a retired hobbyist/gunsmith/machinist may be expensive. Other than that....go.

Why bother ?....just buy a 270....then you have both calibers and a non-butchered-up gun...

Sure. Just get a good gunsmith to fix it for you.

They have been doing that for decades.