WHAT IF ANY ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF A MOON BASE OVER SATELITES?

Advantages:

None.

Disadvantages:

Far more difficult and expensive to get to

The bulk of the moon is likely to obscure the Earth if the satellite is for Earth observation

The bulk of the moon obscures most of the sky if observing the universe

Contamination from moon dust

Moon's gravity means that heavy instruments will distort unless solidly reinforced: more cost

Time delays in communications

Solar energy is unavailable much of the time

"Moon base" implies that astronauts are involved. That means risk, life support systems, incompetence

Risk from space debris being attracted by moons gravity and impacting instruments

Outside the Earth's protective magnetosphere exposes everything to radiation

Cheers!

What are the advantages of a small city over airplanes? A skyscraper over a hot air balloon? A county over an automobile? Apples over oranges? An advantage in regards to what?

If you were to ask, "What are the advantages, if any, of a Moon base over satellites in regards to the study of Earth's atmosphere?", then I might have something to work with (In which case I might respond that a moon base would not require altitude adjustments or deal with an increasing amount of man-made space junk).

Do you mean, advantages of a moon base over a space station...?

There's some...

Advantages:

Learning/building the engineering to land habitats on the moon (training for when we do this on Mars...)

Creating craft for transport to and from the moon.

Lunar gravity... it makes bathroom chores easier, but it's not so strong as one man can lift very heavy equipment for construction.

Can be based on lunar farside - to eliminate *all* Earth-based radio noise

Continued lunar exploration is possible.

Advantage:

Astronauts know which direction is down,

Objects fall to the ground,

Available lunar resources,

Fewer threats of space debris.

Disadvantage:

2 weeks of day and night,

Longer trip than Low Earth orbit,

Unprotected from radiation unlike in Low Earth orbit,

Have an escape velocity of 2.38 km/s to return to Earth.

The only advantage of a moon base over satellites is you don't have to keep boosting a moon base to keep it in orbit. That is offset by having to supply a base that is 240,000 miles away using huge amounts of energy and risking large doses of radiation.

Moon base - Mines. Shielding from solar radiation. Shielding from meteors. Solar power that is on half the time off half the time.

Satellites - Solar power that is on all the time. No shielding from anything. More shallow gravity well making it easier to leave the satellite.

NONE. Moon Base would be very expensive to set up and maintain.

Gravity. So things like sinks and toilets work. Normal Earth sinks and toilets that is.

Can't think of any, which is a large part of why we don't have one.

The answer depends on the purpose, which you have not stated.