When honeybees grow larvae in a particular cell, will that cell always be used for larvae, or might they use it for honey in the future?

If you mean do bees recycle their hive cells, yes, they are reused. As a hive structure expands, a given cells function is more about its area.

Centrally, are usually the breeding cells, surrounding that are active cells with honey pots and pollen cells at the peripheral.

The outer perimeter may have a number of larger cells where the future queen and drones are bred.

A bit like the region of the comb has its purpose. Pollen cells are easy to spot for their colors, honey pots are capped and full of honey. In the central region, capped cells are usually eggs or larvae to emerge as adult in the near future.

Usually, honey is not harvested while breeding cells are capped.

Google images of hive cells, you can spot the different regions.