How long will a 2005 Volkswagen Golf with 124k miles last theres no outstanding issues with the car.?

You nerd to check that it has been maintained. There should be paperwork to prove this. If it has been correctly maintained, should be no problem

5 more miles if you don't start doing maintenance. When the timing belt pops, you'll be crying and walking home.

Invariably, the person who asks "How long will it last?" does so because he has no idea of how to maintain a motor vehicle in the first place. (This group somewhat overlaps with the "Do I really have to change my oil?" club.) Under the circumstances, the most reasonable answer is usually "A week from Tuesday."

it would be a guess

At least another week.

Until it doesn't

That cannot be predicted it depends entirely on how it was previous driven and maintained as well as how carefully you drive and maintain it

146,555 miles. Seriously, nobody can say how long any car is going to last regardless of make/model, age, or mileage. It depends on its current condition, how it'll be driven, and how well it'll be maintained. It MIGHT make it to 200K and beyond, but maybe not. It might crap out tomorrow. Who knows.

Test drive it and look hard for faults. If it were a diesel it would last another 100k. Petrol/gas not so much.

Two weeks.