What are some common practices & rituals that Hindus do present day? What are some hindu traditions and values?

In Hinduism the goal of life and all lifetimes is to attain a state of perfection and thus reach god realization or moksha (and thus the end of the birth-death cycle). The quickest path to moksha is to live with dharma (right action, ideal, optimal, fair and just). Hinduism is thus all about being a good person.

In Hinduism, Brahman is the One Supreme Universal Consciousness, the unchanging reality amidst and beyond the world, which cannot be exactly defined, but is Sat-chit-ānanda (being-consciousness-bliss) and the highest reality. Brahman is the transcendent and immanent ultimate reality of the One Godhead or Supreme Cosmic Spirit.

Brahman is the one Absolute Reality behind changing appearances. It is the universal substrate from which material things originate and to which they return after their dissolution. The universe does not simply come from Brahman, it is Brahman. Consciousness is not a property of Brahman but its very nature.

The Upanishads teach that Brahman is the ultimate essence of material phenomena (including the original identity of the human self) that cannot be seen or heard but whose nature can be known through the development of self-knowledge. According to Advaita (non-dualism), a liberated human being is one who has realized Brahman as his or her own true self.

It is said that Brahman cannot be known by empirical means — that is to say, as an object within our consciousness — BECAUSE BRAHMAN IS OUR VERY CONSCIOUSNESS. Therefore moksha, yoga, samādhi, nirvana, etc. do not merely mean to know Brahman, but rather to realise one's "brahman-hood", to actually realise that one is and always was Brahman.

Moksha is, in many schools of Hinduism, a state of perfection. The concept was seen as a natural goal beyond dharma. Moksha, in the Epics and ancient literature of Hinduism, is seen as achievable by the same techniques necessary to practice dharma. Self-discipline is the path to dharma, moksha is self-discipline that is so perfect that it becomes unconscious, second nature. Dharma is thus a means to Moksha.

The Kathaka Upanishad explains what causes saṃsāra and what leads to liberation, what causes sorrow. It explains that suffering and saṃsāra results from a life that is lived absent mindedly, with impurity, with neither the use of intelligence nor self-examination, where neither mind nor senses are guided by one’s Atma (spirit, soul). Liberation comes from a life lived with inner purity, alert mind, led by buddhi (reason, intelligence), realization of the Supreme Self (Purusha) who dwells in all beings. It asserts that knowledge liberates, knowledge is freedom.

The Svetasvatara Upanishad explains that bondage results from ignorance, illusion or delusion; and deliverance comes from knowledge. The Supreme Being dwells in every being, he is the primal cause, he is the eternal law, he is the essence of everything, he is nature, he is not a separate entity. Liberation comes to those who know Supreme Being is present as the Universal Spirit and Principle, just as they know butter is present in milk. Such realization, claims Svetasvatara, come from self-knowledge and self-discipline; and this knowledge and realization is liberation from transmigration.

The essential conditions before one can commence on the path of moksha include vivekah (discrimination, critical reasoning) between everlasting principles and fleeting world; viragah (indifference, lack of craving) for material rewards; samah (calmness of mind), damah (self restraint, temperance), uparati (lack of bias, dispassion), titiksa (endurance, patience), sraddha (faith) and samadhana (intentness, commitment).

Be careful asking this question here. You're bound to get A LOT of ABRAHAMIC HATE from all 3 of them.