How would you label, or describe, a system in which individuals, and localized groups, provide for themselves everything that they need.?

I doubt if individuals or even localised groups could provide everything they need, but certainly larger social groups could do so. Just work together, distribute according to need, don't waste resources on money or government, don't have a small class of very rich people. I'd call it Socialism, but of course that is like a red rag to a bull here.

That is called Communism and has been tried many times and failed horribly every time. For examples all you have to do is look at life in China to see how it turns out. Hope this helps.

This would be an insular system, a self-sufficient, independent system.