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Federalist 10 by James Madison

The Federalist Papers were written in support of the recently submitted U.S. Constitution to the various states for ratification. This section of Federalist Paper #10 includes Madison’ s introduction to the problem of “factions” and how best to deal with them in a large republic.

Excerpt:

“It will be found, indeed, on a candid review of our situation, that some of the distresses under which we labor have been erroneously charged on the operation of our governments; but it will be found, at the same time, that other causes will not alone account for many of our heaviest misfortunes; and, particularly, for that prevailing and increasing distrust of public engagements, and alarm for private rights, which are echoed from one end of the continent to the other. These must be chiefly, if not wholly, effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administrations.

By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.

There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.

There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.

It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.

The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves. The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the

I always hear people ranting and raving about those who get any kind of assistance. I understand having a problem with those who do nothing, no work or school, or anything, but what about the people doing at least one or the other? I am a single mom of two kids that are too small to go to school. I think I am doing everyone a favor by not going to work to get away from my kids and take a break. Want to know why? It is because assistance with paying for someone to watch my kids while I am away at work is going to cost almost as much as my wages! What is the point if I will then qualify for more assistance than I do now AND my kids will not have me around as much as they should until they are in school? Let's do some math here. Minimum wage $7.25 an hour 40 hours in a week $290 times 52 weeks in the year is $15,080 which is $1256.67 before taxes are taken out, or just $1,160 at a 4 week moth average. Ok, so let's take rent and utilities of about $600, (that is just electricity and heat) pus food for 3 about $500 um....after taxes are taken out on an average month that is actually less than $1160 in a 4 week month, so how am I even going to pay for anything beyond food and rent/utilities? There is transportation, clothing, medical, a babysitter so I can leave my kids in the first place, and everything else. How in the world do you pay for all of this without any assistance? At least I am doing something! I am trying to get an education so that I an actually get a job better than minimum wage AND get OFF of assistance some day soon. So, why do so many people have a problem with assistance, especially those trying to do something to better their situation!?

help available to me? Are there any tax credits that are refundable that I am eligible for? I am in the state of Wisconsin if that helps anything. Also, where could I get some scholarships? I have grants but that is just not enough to cover it. I am trying to improve my education and get a degree so that I can get a decent paying job to support my kids on my own. But, for now any kind of assistance is much needed.

I think my boyfriend is cheating on me, or looking to cheat. I saw that on the dating site I met him on almost two years ago, it says that he updated his profile last month. I confronted him about it and he says he has not been on it, yet there are two small changes. It changed his smoking habits and his personality type on there. He says he would break up with me before getting into another relationship. That "that relationship would have to end before getting into another one" yup his exact words..as if he's already in another one but is not looking for anymore.

I looked up my boyfriend and it says he is married! It gives his address (which I have not been to his house yet by the way, but I call his house and it is only ever him that answers) But spokio.com says that he is married (he was married once before but to someone else) and that this lady (name other than his ex wife) lives at his address with his phone number. It is his address by the way because my sister went by his place and found his vehicle. Is it possible that this information is wrong? He did say he use to have a grandmother with that name as well and that he gets something in the mail about once every month for a person with that name, but doesn't know who it is. Supposedly his address where he is at also actually use to be different. I just don't know if this information could be wrong?

she leaves the child with the father temporarily?

My sister's daughter's father has been physically and emotionally abusive to her and somewhat abusive to their daughter as well. He has current pending charges against him for domestic abuse toward her. She left him a month and a half ago to go to a homeless shelter to try to find another home to live in away from him. He is living with his parents and that is where they last were due to losing housing because of him and the domestic violence because the police were called out to the property too many times. She left her daughter behind thinking it would be better than going to a shelter with her. She found a place now and for the past two weeks has been trying to get her daughter back and he refuses to give her up. What can she do about this in the state of Wisconsin. He is on the birth certificate and he has no income while my sister is on disability and is working part time temporarily as well. Isn't it the law in the state of Wisconsin that the mother automatically has sole legal custody of the child until or unless it goes to court since they are not married? or does she forfeit her rights by having left her child behind even though it was under the agreement that she got her child back once she found a place to live at with her daughter? Please help!

My boyfriend was at my house and planning to leave the next day for vacation about 5 hours away from here. He is supposed to be going camping pretty much with his son and his dad. He takes this vacation every year along with one in May. well, I went to kiss his neck and he completely jumped and said not to do that. Supposedly because he will be out in the water with his shirt off and his family (his dad and his son) will be there and he doesn't want to hear his dad's harassing comments about isn't he a little old for that. (he's going to be 45 this year by the way) I don't recall him saying anything about me leaving marks on him before he went on vacation in May. But I don't think he went swimming in May either. It just strikes me as funny how he got so jumpy about it. Does anyone else think this is strange or do you believe it's really because he doesn't want to be harassed by his dad? By the way, he is coming back in a week to pick up my kids and I to go with for the last week that he is up there and his family will be there, including his mom and dad, two sons, and two sisters and his sister's kids, which my kids will be able to play with and there will be more to do which is why he is supposed to be taking us up during the second week of the vacation. It still strikes me as strange.

I understand that many bad things happen because God gives people free will, but storms have nothing to do with a human's free will, so why do innocent babies and children get killed in them?

I had a date today, I met the guy online. There is absolutely nothing wrong with him. I am just not physically attracted to him. He looks a little older in person than his pictures do online...I just don't know what to do to get over the fact that I am not attracted to him, how do I get over it to pursue a relationship with him? Or anyone for that matter?

In Wisconsin, where I live, minimum wage is only $7.25 an hour, at even 40 hours a week that is only $1160 a month. It is impossible to take care of two children on those wages. So, what is going to happen to all the single moms or even disabled people that are on welfare and disability if Romney gets in office. I have no family, how would I survive?

show up if I am pregnant..I mean the fact that I feel sick if it is from being pregnant would it be because the pregnancy hormones are higher? also..I had my son 4 months ago and one period in december..I then started they norabe birthcontrol pill..should I be having regular periods or not since I had the one period? thanks for any one who gives an honest serious answer

My less than two year old daughter cut herself with glass two nights ago..she ran with a dinner plate while I was holding her baby brother and she fell and dropped it in the kitchen before I could catch her. Well, now it looks like it has a blister, it is sore to the touch, and a little bruised looking, it looked bruised instantly though, so is it infected or does it have glass stuck in or what? Do I need to take her in immediately or can it wait or does she not need to go in? Please..I already called the drs to speak with a nurse (it is after hours) and they will not tell me anything.