If you agree with the no-feedback response of 1 K, is one conclusion inescapable?

That conclusion being that the climate sensitivity for 2xCO2 is between 2 and 4.5 K? Or at the very least that feedbacks will provide a net amplifying effect?

Lindzen and Spencer's hypothesis sounds great, but an insensitive climate system is *not* compatible with past climatic fluctuations -- the transitions to and from glacial periods, for instance.

2010-04-26T17:51:14Z

Portland,
Newer studies suggest that Lindzen and Choi 2009 made some serious errors
http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Staff/Fasullo/refs/Trenberth2010etalGRL.pdf

And I have no idea why denialists continue to bring the 'lag' up -- it was discovered by climate scientists, and it's integrated into climate sensitivity estimates.

You also bring up Chilingar et al., which is perhaps the *worst* paper on the GHE I've ever seen. They make error that freshman atmos students could pick up.

The fact is that an insensitive climate system cannot explain the transitions to or from glacial periods.

2010-04-26T18:46:37Z

"IPCC Climate Models failed to predict no warming for the first decade of this century."

1) This is not true. Individual model runs predict periods of flat temps lasting a decade or more.
2) I don't think the last ten years have been flat. I explain why in my answer here
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=Akai9lMHhbmJL2LbjBha5VPty6IX;_ylv=3?qid=20100423130055AA4F9fB&show=7#profile-info-4ec5baf736e5e1b4200f6e39ea8eda12aa

2010-04-26T20:40:53Z

------------
"In other words you are assuming two steps forward two steps back is the only type of negative feedback that can exist. Whereas a two steps forward one step back system can also exist."

That's not at all what I'm assuming, Eric. What you and Lindzen are hoping for is 1 step (forcing from CO2 alone) + 4 steps (positive feedbacks) - 4 steps (negative feedbacks). In reality, to be able to explain past climatic fluctuations, it has to be more like 1 step + 4 steps - 2 steps, i.e. a net amplifying effect, not a net dampening or net neutral effect.

Perhaps in the longer term (several thousand years), as CO2 levels are drawn down due to carbon burial by the biosphere, the climate will take a few more steps back, but on the scale of decades to centuries, feedbacks will act to amplify the forcing from CO2.

2010-04-27T11:07:18Z

============
Eric
"Are you saying that the Iris Effect relies on a positive and then a negative feedback? "

.....No. With the initial warming from CO2, there will be positive feedbacks (water vapor, surface albedo, methane release, etc). Lindzen thinks clouds will completely (and more) counter those positive feedbacks.

2010-04-27T14:12:36Z

===============
Portland,
"Looking at the extremes of 2 sigma to say there is a small chance that your CO2 sensitivity theory might be true despite the data is not very convincing."
--That's not what I'm saying. Short term 'pauses' in rising temperatures do not invalidate "CO2 sensitivity theory' anyway, BUT we can't even say that the temperatures have paused with any confidence. And I'm not sure what you're talking about with regards to the links. Trenberth et al. (linked above) show that Lindzen09's calculations were completely wrong.

"I would enjoy your critique of the paper, but you seem to prefer an Ad Hominem attack against the author rather than a valid critique."
--Saying a paper is incredibly bad (and it is) isn't an 'ad hominem' attack against the author.

Your discussion of models in nonsense.

2010-04-27T20:09:27Z

==============
Portland,
"Our best our best data (first link under sources) indicate they have."

Eyeballing the graph and saying that temperatures have flattened is not analysis. In the link I give I above I explain why, statistically speaking, that we cannot say with any level of confidence that trends have flattened or even slowed.

"No, they do not. What they do is say:"

Did you even read the paper? If you'd actually read it, you'd see that they do say that LC09 contains *serious* flaws. They sum up their results in the conclusion:
"As shown here, the approach taken by LC09 is flawed, and the results are seriously in error."
After corrections to Lindzens methodology, they arrive at a sensitivity within the IPCC range.

"Is an attack on the author."

No. It's an attack on their paper. It's not an ad hominem if they actually make errors that a freshman atmos student would make. I won't go through a whole rebuttal here, but beyond the strange assumptions and some of the equations...

2010-04-27T21:55:28Z

CONTINUED
I'll pose a simple question: The rate of convection is in part determined by the surface temps; what determines the surface temps? (Hint: Not incoming SW alone). Many of their equations are fundamentally wrong as well. I could go into more detail if need be.

"Allow me to relieve you of that myth:"
--Yeah, I don't think seasonal forecasts are very good, either, but that's a different creature altogether.

2010-04-27T23:20:49Z

Let's just get this over with. Chilingar's equation (3) does not apply to Earthly conditions (i.e. with gravity), thus the rest of their paper is null.

QED

2010-04-28T00:06:37Z

"The point that I wanted you to notice is the increased role that vertical convection may have as a negative feedback mechanism as the earth warms. "

This isn't what Chilingar shows. Through some strange computations Chilingar derives the 'Adiabatic Theory of the GreenHouse Effect'. From there they assume that the only temperature change due to increased CO2 is from the pressure change due to increased CO2, which would obviously be negligible, but that's an idiotic calculation.

Their 'adiabatic theory' is also wrong, as I've explained.

And increased convection isn't some 'saving grace' -- it's known and accounted for in things like the lapse rate feedback, which is included in sensitivity estimates.

2010-04-28T00:18:48Z

===========
"Agreed, you really do need fancy analysis to explain away what is obvious. Still, if you want to go there, check out the BBC link in Edit2."

Not that fancy. All trend estimates contain error, and serially correlated data increases that uncertainty. I've read Phil Jones interview, and it seems all denialists don't understand what it means.

"Then, there is the expectation that forecasts for periods long enough to be called climate would be better."
--Yes. Individual model runs differ greatly in the short term, but longer run's are nearly identical. Multidecadal climate does not exhibit sensitivity to initial conditions.

2010-04-28T00:28:46Z

"Except for the fact that the earth did not go off into the stable warmer equilibrium anytime in the last 300 million years. "

The climate system is essentially run by negative feedbacks -- in the long term (geologically speaking). Net negative feedbacks on the scale of several thousand years CANNOT explain things like the PETM event, glacial periods, D-O events, etc.

In a few thousand years, long after we've weaned ourselves off hydrocarbon fuels, a largescale drawdown of atmospheric CO2 will take place through biological processes, our orbit will become increasingly elliptical, and the planet will ultimately cool. BUT, until then, the planet will warm, and positive feedbacks will dominate.

Dana19812010-04-26T16:13:13Z

Favorite Answer

That's my sense. I really don't understand how you can justify the low climate sensitivity argument without being inconsistent with past climate changes. If climate sensitivity is low, how does the planet transition from interglacial to glacial period? We know the orbital forcing isn't powerful enough to cause the transition alone. How do you explain the PETM? I think the only way to justify a low climate sensitivity value is to ignore paleoclimate data.

"We can also look to the paleoclimate record for evidence from our planet's past climate. During the last ice age, the total radiative forcing was roughly 8Wm-2 lower than today (mostly due to lower CO2 and large ice sheets, with dust and vegetation changes also contributing). 8Wm-2 is roughly twice the forcing of doubled CO2 (although in the opposite direction), so with the global temperature at that time being about 6C cooler than at present, a climate sensitivity of about 3C looks pretty good again."
http://julesandjames.blogspot.com/2006/03/climate-sensitivity-is-3c.html

Several studies have shown that for climate sensitivity values less than 2°C for a doubling of CO2, the probability drops to near zero very quickly. On the other hand, the distribution of possible sensitivity values has a long tail, and values significantly higher than 4.5°C can't be ruled out. Especially over long timescales.
http://www.greenoptions.com/wiki/climate-sensitivity

*edit* Lindzen and Choi, aside from containing several errors, only considered very short-term feedbacks and is irrelevant to longer-term climate sensitivity.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091031101439AANmz0b
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2010/01/lindzen-and-choi-unraveled/

Even Roy Spencer admits as much: "it has not yet been demonstrated that short-term feedbacks in the real climate system (or in the models) are substantially the same as the long-term feedbacks....It is not clear to me just what the Lindzen and Choi results mean in the context of long-term feedbacks (and thus climate sensitivity)"
http://www.drroyspencer.com/2009/11/some-comments-on-the-lindzen-and-choi-2009-feedback-study/

And I really don't understand why Portland references Stern et al., which certainly doesn't seem to support his "the planet is cooling when CO2 is high" claim. Probably because the claim is false and makes no physical sense.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9083653138147746934&hl=en&as_sdt=2000

Portland: "I see no reason to accept a theory that is at odds with all the evidence."

Then you shouldn't accept Lindzen or any other of the few studies proposing a low climate sensitivity, now should you?

Eric c2010-04-27T03:12:09Z

Definition of a negative feedback:

"Negative feedback mechanisms are self-regulating responses to changes experienced by a system or organism, usually due to external influences. These mechanisms feed some of the output of these changes back into the system to trigger counter-responses which result in restoring the system to its previous undisturbed state, or mitigating the effects of the initial change."

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_negative_feedback_mechanism

You are assuming that a negative feedback in climate has to restore the system to its "previous undisturbed state", but it can also "mitigat(e) the effects of the initial change". In other words you are assuming two steps forward two steps back is the only type of negative feedback that can exist. Whereas a two steps forward one step back system can also exist.

Lindson and Choi have said that they have redone their work and the initial conclusion stands. But we should wait until they publish their results before it can be quoted.

Trevor: In the ice core sample a 100 ppm rise in co2 is associated with a six degree rise in temperatures world wide. It does not correlate nicely. These same ice core shows higher interglacial peaks of temperature with lower co2 levels. Again bad correlation.

Edit: Trevor. From my understanding of the co2 lagging temperature explanation, the 100 ppm rise in co2 is what is responsible for the interglacial warming.

Bob: Are you saying that the Iris Effect relies on a positive and then a negative feedback? That is the first I heard of it.

Trevor2010-04-27T00:56:45Z

I see you’ve gone into more detail with this question so I shall do likewise.

In your earlier question I stated that I believed a value of 1.2K for a doubling of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 was realistic provided there were no feedbacks. When feedbacks are brought into play the situation becomes infinitely more complicated and effectively it becomes a case of establishing the proportion of warming that can be attributed to anthropogenic causes.

Sticking with the 1750 starting point of 280ppmv then a doubling would see that rise to 560ppmv. Today the concentration is as good as 400ppmv.

The relationship between CO2 and temp is one of a diminishing curve – it’s not quite logarithmic but logs will suffice.

The rise from 280 to 400 is a factor of 1.429 and the rise from 280 to 560 is a factor of 2.000.

log 1.429 = 0.155, log 2 = 0.301, 0.155 ÷ 0.301 = 0.515 Thus, logarithmically speaking we’re half way to a doubling of CO2 (relative to temp).

Mathematical and computer modelling tells us that a doubling CO2 should produce a temp rise of between 1.5 and 4K.

1.500 x 0.515 = 0.772K, 4.000 x 0.515 = 2.060K and this is the range into which the observed temperature rise should fall. And indeed it does. The average global temp in 1750 being 286.592K and for 2010 it’s 287.693, a difference of some 1.101K.

The observed value falls pretty much at the first quartile within the range and this is what we would expect to see due to the inability to reach a state of equilibrium due to the rapid rate of change.

The ‘missing’ component in the above being the feedbacks associated with ocean thermodynamics, atmospheric residency periods and variable potentials and the usual suspects – the Sun and volcanoes.

The Swedish chemist Svante Arhenius was the first to put forward the proposal linking temperature changes to a doubling of CO2. In his work titled (something like) The Effects of Carbonic Acid on the Atmosphere, Arhenius proposed that a 4K increase would result from a doubling of CO2, in doing so he wasn’t far off the mark but overlooked some of the compensatory factors.

In conclusion therefore, and bearing in mind the starting values, we find that CO2 forcing ties in nicely with the observed temperature change and that climate sensitivities / feedbacks do indeed appear to have a net amplifying effect.

- - - - - - - - - -

EDIT: TO ERIC. You’re referring to something that is in no way comparable to what I’m talking about.

The 6°C and 100ppmv variation in the ice core record is something that happens at intervals of 100,000 years and is the result of changes in Earth’s eccentricity (it’s orbit around the Sun). Increasing or decreasing insolation consequent to the orbital changes are the primary cause of temperature fluctuations, not changing CO2 levels, this is consequential not causal.

beren2010-04-27T01:15:36Z

It is silly to assume that the climate is not sensitive to fluctuations. Deniers like to point out that climate has changed in the past is somehow proof that man cannot be effecting it. On the contrary, it only shows that the climate is very sensitive to small fluctuations.

Funny how Portland Joe's answer looks just like all of NW Jack's answers....hmmmm

Facts Matter2010-04-26T23:42:13Z

Agreed. I believe that historical analysis of climate sensitivity to solar and orbital forcing, once the computational tools for this became available, were very influential in persuading climate scientists that feedbacks did amplify to about this extent.

I have grandchildren and would really like to think that Lindzen is right, but the facts won't let me.

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