do homeowners need a permit to use their fireplaces?

Simple answer, no. If you have an undamaged indoor fireplace you don't need a permit. If you are talking about an outdoor fireplace, it matters where you live, some local city governments require you to get a permit, some don't.

A fireplace in the house? No you do not need a permit to use it. You would need a permit to put one in, but not to use one

no... as long as your not like tryin to burn down the place it's okay. They put fireplaces in houses for your freedom to use it when you please. Now if you were outside and had a little fireplace type thing, you might need a permit if you were in city limits.

I have heard there are communities that have tried to ban indoor fireplaces. To be on the safe side, I'd call your local fire department or police.

No ,make sure the damper is open to the fullest before trying to start a fire.