Could I put acoustic strings on my electric guitar? Would it sound acoustic and loud like an acoustic guitar?

As mentioned by Majikman putting acoustic strings on an electric won't produce the best tones as electric guitar strings would; they may just hamper the sound somewhat.

I haven't put acoustic strings on my electric, but I have put acoustic-electric strings on the electric, such as DR ZAE-12s. Those are excellent strings and have long-lasting performance.

In theory yes you could put the strings on an electric or vice versa but there isnt much point. Electric strings are made for the electric for certain reasons from certain materials. Acoustics usually have thicker gauge strings and are wound deferently. You can get acoustic emulators fro electrics which make an electric sound acoustic through and amp. And no it won't be loud like and acoustic because it does not have the Self amp or the sound hole the acoustic has which produces the rich loud sound

The plain strings (1st and 2nd) are the same whether acoustic or electric. The other strings (the wound ones) are different. On an electric the core and the windings are steel. On an acoustic the core will be steel but the windings will be brass, bronze etc., metals which are not magnetic and, therefore won't work with magnetic (standard) electric guitar pickups.

technically yes you can and you can also technically put electric guitar strings on acoustic, it just won't sound right. also it would not make it sound loud. what makes an acoustical guitar loud is the hole and the space where you strum. that's what makes it sound loud not strings.