Global Warming questions?

"How many climatologist institutions deny global warming"

Not sure what a "climatologist institution" is. There are no scientific organizations that deny that human activities are warming the planet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on...

"how much ppm is required to raise the temperature by 1 degree"

That is the question. You're asking about climate sensitivity, and the value is not known exactly. An oft-cited figure is that we will see a 3 C rise for a doubling of CO2, which works out to about 1 degree C / 93 ppm. Note that this figure includes the effects from positive feedbacks in the climate. The direct warming from the CO2 alone would only be a fraction of this value.

How many climatologist institutions deny global warming? I'm pretty sure it's none!

How much ppm is required to raise the temperature by 1 degree? Assuming you are talking of CO2, I have seen the figure of +1 degree centigrade from a doubling of CO2 approximately. In other words, we will get +1 degree if we go from the pre-industrial 280ppm to 560ppm, but will have to get to 1120ppm for the next degree. I have seen this figure from the more knowledgeable people on both sides of the debate.

It isn't quite that simple though, the above applies to CO2 alone. There are a number of positive feedbacks which will amplify the effect from CO2 and produce higher temperatures. It is in the strengths of these feedbacks where most of the disagreement is to be found on this issue, at least among the more knowledgeable here!

So, although it is difficult to be precice, I would say that the 100 or so PPM difference between pre-industrial and today is able to increase temperatures by 1 degree, assuming some positive feedbacks and some thermal inertia from the oceans.

Excellent answers above, from Dana, Dawei and the two Bobs.

Don't listen to anyone who says CO2 is not a greenhouse gas, that it's 'saturated' or 'swamped by water vapour' etc, they don't know what they are talking about!

"How many climatologist institutions deny global warming?"

None.

"how much ppm is required to raise the temperature by 1 degree?"

Depends on your starting point. Since pre-industrial times the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased from about 280 to 388 ppm. The planet has warmed 0.8°C over that period, but not all the warming was due to CO2 (most estimates put it at about 80%), and we haven't experienced all the warming that will occur yet (there is still some warming "in the pipeline" because it takes a long time to heat the oceans).

So as a rough ballpark estimate, increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration from 280 ppm to 380 ppm is approximately enough to raise the global temperature 1°C. Note that this includes feedbacks and is not the warming from CO2 alone.

Institutions? None, although there are a relatively few individual "skeptics".

EVERY major scientific organization in the US, and most in the world, have issued official statements that this is real, and mostly caused by us.

The ppm question is complicated, and still open to legitimate controversy, as to the exact value. CO2 is increasing fast and it takes a while for the temperature to catch up. It takes time to warm the great oceans. But it's somewhere between 50-150 ppm of increase in CO2 (using a current base value of 300ppm) for a 1 degree C temperature increase. More about that here:

http://www.350.org/

As mentioned above, the radiative forcing for CO2 is very nearly logarithmic with respect to concentration, and so the fractional change is what is important. A quick back-of-the-envelope calculation shows that the ratio of final concentration to initial must be roughly 2 to raise global temperature by 1 K, but of course, this calculation is meaningless without an estimation of feedbacks, which vary in size and scope with temperature.

That just so happens to be where much of the uncertainty comes from. This is why the IPCC gives a range for the climate sensitivity, rather than an exact number.

The Earth is in a cooling trend. These trends last hundreds or thousands of years and have. They started long before air conditioning and motor cars.

none for the first part.

ppm don't know look it up.

Dude i do not know what you are talking about