Is the moon that sits atop all mosques the symbol of one of 360...?

No, Muslims dont worship Moons or any pagan gods or the Kaaba.

The Moon you see is just a symbol, it came because Muslims follow lunar months.

We worship the God who sent all the prophets including Moses and Jesus.

The moon and star are innovated symbols and have nothing to do with Islam.

Nothing in the Qur'an or the Sunnah says anything about it, rather they were invented much later.

Islam has not changed but indeed even people who call themselves Muslims can and are considered of the kuffar if they innovate anything in the religion

First of all, just for clarification purposes, that "moon" is typically known as the Star and Crescent.

(I'm assuming this ☪ is what you're talking about)

And to answer your question: no. The star and crescent has nothing to do with any pagan pantheon.

सत्यमेव जयते

I have studied islam and let me say that the religion itself is pure as is Christianity and Judaism at their cores. It is the followers that pervert a religion. The same is applied to Judaism and Christianity.

No!