Could someone please explain the independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase I?

To use human cells for the example, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from the father of the organism and 23 from the mother of the organism.

In the previous phase, Prophase I, these chromosomes come together in pairs (again, 1 from father, 1 from mother). These pairs are called homologous pairs (or bivalents, or tetrads, variously). In Metaphase I, these pairs line on the cellular equator, in preparation for Anaphase I.

However, the way in which each pair is oriented is random. Let's use simple North/South designations for directions to explain. In Pair #1, the father's chromosome may be oriented towards the North, and the mother's chromosome may be oriented towards the South (or vice versa). Pair #2 may have the same orientation, or the opposite. Ditto for #3-#23. This means that for however many pairs you have, you have two possiblities (excluding polysomy/monosomy).

When the pairs separate in Anaphase I, you will generally have a mix of some of the father's chromosomes and some of the mother's chromosomes heading north, and then some of the father's chromosomes and some of the mother's chromosomes heading south. Each chromosome sorts (mom vs. dad) independently in a random fashion. There are 2^23 (8,388,608) possible combinations of chromosomes in each gamete.

i'm not loopy some as a call. in spite of the fact that, i've got self assurance the different 3 are remarkable so the respond could be E. C is maximum particularly remarkable. the only clarification for B to be incorrect is that in the event that they meant to declare metaphase in meiosis II as that's the place crossing over happens ensuing in extra genetic transformations and independent assortments. D must be incorrect in the event that they have been back relating metaphase II as that's the section the place the chromatids particularly line up independentally. they are then pulled aside and seperated throughout the time of anaphase II. it relatively is all in the wording and references.