With out the moon what would happen?

Beau Garret's answer is great. Especially about the tides. Many people ignore the fact that the Sun causes tidal forces ont he Earth as well, although they are less intense. We would still have two high tides and two low tides per day. What would disappear would be spring and neap tides.

One thing I would add to his answer, is Earth's rotational period would get shorter... ie, our "day" would be faster than 24 hours. This would cause some biological functions such as circadian rhythms to be messed up.

It should not cause any significant changes to the food chain or other biological issues, although some species would likely become extinct with their inability to adapt.

1) Ocean levels - The tides would decrease, since the moon has a stronger effect on the tides than the sun, but there would still be a slight amount of daily tide from the sun's pull.

2) Temperature at night would be unaffected as the light reflected by the moon does not have enough infrared heat to be noticeable, and besides the moon is only up half the time in the night. The overall temperature would drop a negligible amount since some radiation is reflected by the sun. (Very negligible.)

3) Nobody knows what animals would do. I think nocturnal hunters are able to hunt by starlight. The moon has always been there and I think there isn't any funding for finding out what would happen if the moon suddenly went away. I hope you aren't planning to mine it or something. If you're planning on terraforming it, then it would be an issue, wouldn't it, assuming the Earth is still habitable. It may be that the lunar cycle is essential to wild mammals' procreation activities - I don't know if other species besides humans have a monthly female cycle or what. Shore creatures would have to adapt quite a bit since they are very accustomed to having a daily cycle of 2 high tides and 2 low tides, which would be decreased. (The amount of decrease can be pretty well calculated by physics. Wikipedia seems to say the gravity gradient from the sun is half that of the moon's, but I'm not sure exactly what they're saying - see links from there.)

4) People would be sad because the moon wouldn't be there anymore. Many references to the moon in culture would become obsolete. We would have to think of a new word for 'lunatic'. A new symbol for feminine energy to offset the Sun's perceived masculine energy would have to be devised. NASA would not have to think about sending things there anymore. The Moon would have a different orbit so it would become dangerous to Earth because it might come swinging by at a fast rate and if it ran into us that would be an awful disaster.

"...What will our ocean levels do?..."

Signifcantly decreased tides. We'd still have some because of the sun's gravity.

"...Would temperatures decrease at night?..."

No

"...Would animals be able to adapt to the loss of the moon in time to keep from becoming extinct?..."

Ask a biologist, but I suspect that many animals who rely on the moon for behavioral patterns might adjust quickly enough to avoid extinction.

"...What else may change?..."

Earth wobbles like a top as it rotates. This wobble influences global weather patterns. The moon helps stabilize and minimize this wobble, so without the moon the wobble would be less stable, thereby influencing global weather patterns.

In the history of earth, there was no moon in the beginning but that fallow born later out of the matter from pacific ocean. After all drama what you have mentioned only we have reached present stage.

there'd be no more waves, so no surfing,

the moon has no effect on temperature.

most nocturnal animals have better eyesight at night anyway.

no more werewolves! finally

Hopefully I wouldn't get my period anymore.