Can you point be towards some philosophers with this school of thought?

The idea of childhood innocence as a doorway to wisdom that closes as one ages has had a very wide currency throughout the Romantic and Victorian periods in English Lit, and perhaps you didn't find it in google because it is just too ubiquitous for such a direct approach.

Consider William Wordsworth's poem, "Intimations of Immortality."

Heaven lies about us in our infancy!

Shades of the prison-house begin to close

Upon the growing Boy,

But he beholds the light, and whence it flows,

He sees it in his joy;

The Youth, who daily farther from the east

Must travel, still is Nature's priest,

And by the vision splendid

Is on his way attended;

At length the Man perceives it die away,

And fade into the light of common day.

You can trace a straight line from that to the creation of Peter Pan, the boy who magically doesn't have to grow up.

Interesting idea but most people would not consider "The Little Prince" to be a pure perception but largely highly socialized metaphors of morality and comparisons of value systems. You might consider some of Rousseau's ideas about the noble savage, that is that society corrupts and that the ignorant primitive has innate abilities at fairness and honesty that we lose as we become involved in an increasingly complex society. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau