Extenuating circumstances for murder?

Yes.

Laws are laws no matter what the situation.

Now, you may be able to argue to a court that the situation dictated your actions,

but you can still be tried and convicted for a murder at the north pole.

Yes murder is murder! Again you never know Say the island was part of a different country or place who knows. For example if someone kills someone in mexico and or Canada wherever and they are caught in the united states for anything being illegal or a new charge the united states government wouldn't prosecute them for murder. They would book them and send them back to their country for the charges! It really can depend on a lot of things. If on the island the person you killed was American then yes you will most likely be prosecuted but if the person was from mexico its hard to say if the united states would get involved since its out of their area. Most likely the person will get prosecuted but ifs theirs a lot of extenuating circumstances who knows sometime their is nothing people can do!

The "murder is murder" answer misses the mark, with all due respect. Murder is still murder, but who has jurisdiction to prosecute. Is your hypothetical island owned by a sovereign nation? As to the moon, we have no idea whose law would apply there, although presumably the spacecraft itself would be considered territory of the nation sending it.

"killed another survivor" is simple descriptive statement of an act; until and unless you contaminate the act with a "reason", No "laws [ever] apply" even under "conditions of a regular society".

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