Why are countries likeengland,france,spain,portugal etc.....???

Australia was not a 'country' in the modern sense until late in the 1700s, when Britain started colonising there. Previously it was sparsely inhabited by its original population who had a nice but primitive culture which was almost wiped out by the incoming whites. In fact Australia was not formally a unified country until 1901.

The Americas had several fairly advanced cultures before 1500, some with very cruel ideas (eg Aztecs). They too were overwhelmed by the incoming white Europeans, who had discovered the New World accidentally (look up Christopher Columbus).

Note that most European countries were in very different borders, or did not exist at all, in the 15th century. Even 100 years ago the political map of Europe looked very different, on the eve of the First World War.

But certainly European thought took great leaps forward starting in the 14th and 15th centuries, building on ideas from the fairly distant past such as Rome and Greece. Don't forget other older civilisations such as China, India, and some Arabic lands.

North America was inhabited by native Americans and wasn't seriously colonised by Europeans until the 17th century.

Australia was colonised by the British from the late 18th century onwards.

Europeans were technologically more advanced than the rest of the world due to a combination of the 'renaissance' taking place in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries and the invention of printing during the 15th century - which allowed the dissemination of ideas. During the 18th century the 'industrial revolution' took place in Europe due to the increased need for coal and textiles and that later led to mass production.

There a lot of different reasons that went into this and to really answer your questions I would need to write several pages which isn't going to happen. If you want the full answer try reading Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond.

Size of land mass: The European countries had the benefit of being on the giant land mass of Asia, Europe, Africa which allowed them to share and acquire knowledge from civilization as far away as China. It also helps that the land mass stretches East to West, unlike North and South America that stretch North to South. This means when crossing the land mass you won't run into as many deserts, swamps ect.

Availability of plants and animals for domestication: Eurasia had wheat, barley, cows, chickens, and pigs. A lot of option for farming. North and South America had corn.

Continent of rivals: Europe is made up of many countries who spent centuries competing with each other. If you know econ you will know that competition increases the need and desire to innovate. In the constant struggle to one up their neighbors Europe took the lead in nearly every science and technology over China in the 15th and 16th century.

I hope that helps

The best answer I can think of to highlight is the a klutzy to retain and transfer knowledge from one generation to the next. Essentially education.

Any technology is to vast for one person to know all the details. Even the masters of a craft need to have notes. So if there is no mechanism to record knowledge a. Luther's is limited to what individuals can recall and pass on to apprentices.

Advanced cultures have libraries and an education system that efficient transfers that knowledge to the next gen. Otherwise knowledge is lost.

Las Vegas, Nevada united states of america Oh, however i might so much instead be in Canada! I love CANADA!!!! I don't do the severe warmth good in any respect & a lot select a cooler climate. Thank GOD for a/c!!! Lol

This is the uneven development of civilization.

thats simple. their leadership was way more boss. leadership makes all the difference in any situation