Can you help me to answer these science questions?

Analysing:

1) The gene can be linked to sex chromosome because if the gene links on autosome, the number of men who get color blindness should equal the number of women who have color blindness. But in here, if u draw the pedigree, you can see that the number of people who get color blindness is different between two sexes. So the gene CAN be linked to sex chromosome.

2) The women will inherit two genes of color blindness for her off springs since she has two X chromosome.

She receives one from her father (the X chromosome of her father) and one from her mother ( the X chromosome fomr her mother).

3) The men will inherit one gene since he has only one X chromosome. And this gene will derive from his mother because his Y chromosome has already come from his father, so the other chromosome must come from his mother.

Solving:

1) Mrs Taylor: 2XCXC, 2XCY

Mr Taylor: XCXc, XCY, XcXc, XcY

2) Mr Taylor's brother inherit the Xc chromosome from his mother.

Mr Taylor's sister inherit one XC chromosome from her mother and one Xc chromosome from her father because her father has the genotype is XcY while her mother is XCXc (You can easily understand this because Mr Taylor's brother is color blinded so his genotype is XcY, Xc must derive from his mother but his mother is normal so she must be XCXc. His father is color blind so his genotype must be XcY => In order to have a girl (Mr Taylor's sister) without color blindness, she must be inherited one XC from her mother, and the other X must be Xc from her father)

3) Mr Taylor is normal because she is luckily receive one XC from his mother and one Y from his father so Mr Taylor's genotype is XCY while Mr Taylor's brother unluckily receive one Xc from his mother and one Y from his father so Mr Taylor's brother has the genotype is XcY which is color blind.

4) Mr Taylor's son can only be blinded if Mrs Taylor's genotype is XCXc (The probability is 1/4). And Mrs Taylor's genotype is XCXc only if her mother is XCXc (the probability that Mrs Taylor's genotype is XCXc is 1/4). However, in population, the probability that a woman who not in the same family have XCXc is rare so it is highly likely that Mrs Taylor's mother is XCXC. Then if so, Mrs Taylor's genotype is XCXC too.

Once Mrs Taylor's genotype is XCXC then her son cannot be blind.

Overall, the probability that Mrs Taylor's son is color blind is really small. He is highly unlikely to be color blind.

I dont know if you have studied about probability in Genetics or not, but the probability that Mrs Taylor's son is color blind is 1/16.