If i went overseas while in the navy, could my wife who had been to prison before come with me?

First orders straight out of A School would be unaccompanied even if she hasn't been to prison. You must be at least an E4.

Yes people who have been to prison can still get a passport and leave the country it all depends on the charges and sentence. Then it will be up to the country you are going to as well.

it is going to depend on the laws of the host country where you are stationed. the SOFA will be of no use to you. Some countries will not allow convicted felons in to live - period. even visiting can be interesting. Kuwait for example, if you have a 'back ground' (as a civilian) - you aren't getting in, because they do request a background check as part of the VISA process. the SOFA i don't believe blankets that, and the US does not challenge or press that issue with them, because the greater interest is preserving out presence there.

don't know what your wife did, but, she shot herself in the foot. it is going to be tough to get accompanied orders and command sponsorship for her anywhere, and your security clearance chances could be affected as well... "birds of a feather" kind of thing.

consider an attorney and cutting yourself free of this cancer...or military service might not be for you because jobs, assignments, etc, could be hard to come by