What significant research relating to global warming has been published in the past couple of years?

There was the latest IPCC report.

https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/

And global warming does lead to fewer clouds

http://www.climate4you.com/images/CloudCoverLowLev...

which MAY support Roy Spencer's cloud forcing hypothesis, but more likely suports the idea that clouds are a positive feedback.

You can also check climatology journals.

http://www2.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/publications...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28...

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcli/

And you can also check such sites as

http://www.skepticalscience.com/

http://www.realclimate.org/

http://scienceofdoom.com/

And if you know how to sort out fact from fiction, you can even check

http://wattsupwiththat.com/

Just old men sittin', talkin' 'bout the weather. They think they have a purdy good idee 'bout what causes it. All we have to do is send them our money and they can change it. Sounds purdy good to me.

Edit: Argo amassing data to do what? Face it. Argo didn't show what they wanted it to show, so they altered and adjusted its data, so now it is meaningless, like everything else Global Warmers touch.

You have been wise to focus on school and ignore this site. A few new regular posters have shown up here, in the meantime: pro-science, and anti-science. There has been a general dumbing-down, especially on the denier of science side. Yahoo Answers got a facelift a few months ago. The one small improvement I have noticed is that it is no longer possible to hide answers by thumbing them down. I am not sure if it is a net improvement, but there also seems to be no more voting on best answers.

In addition to the links already mentioned by CR and Lin already, I would suggest

For climate science and re impacts in the United States, the newly released National Assessment Report:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Climate_Asse...

periodic articles and short summaries in Nature and Science magazines

in the general press, one of the better sources is the articles by Justin Gilles in the New York Times

For policy issues (again with a US focus), these are usually not bad:

http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/author/andrew-c-...

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/issue/

Welcome back, but I am afraid you will find the caliber of the questions and answers here, particularly as regards the science of climate, has declined notably compared to three years + years ago.

I think the most significant is the Argo fleet's amassing of enough datat to show heat flux into the upper ocean.

Nothing noteworthy........but Taxpayers are still shelling out $$Billions for research for "settled science".