Question about Destiny weapons?

I've almost got my guardians to 335 and I am starting to put the finishing touches on their gear. I've decided what armor I want to use for each, so now I need to figure out what weapons to get for each. My question is what weapon type is good for each: close range, mid range, and long range combat. I know a sniper is obviously best for long range in the special and swords are great for close range in heavy, but what about the rest. Any information and/or links are appreciated :)