When would the word "gotten" be used?

1) got

2) gotten

3) Depends what you are trying to say.

"I've got some chocolate on me" can mean that you have smeared chocolate on you in a place you didn't mean to put any chocolate, like your nose or your arm, or it could mean that you are in possession of some chocolate. If you "have gotten some chocolate", it means you "have obtained some chocolate". If you " have gotten chocolate on me", it definitely means that chocolate got on you by mistake.

4) same as 3, except in the past perfect tense.

5) gotten

6) gotten

In all but 1), in which got is the only correct use, a person could use got as well as gotten. But if I did so, I would feel that I was not speaking naturally. I would sound, to myself, as if I were speaking like a British person.

I'm not American, I'm Canadian, but in the way gotten is used, the two countries are the same as far as I know. I must say that my father, who would be 90 now if he were still with us and who was an English teacher in Canada, did not like to use gotten. I suspect he was taught, in the 1930s, to use a more British English than most of us in Canada now use. Languages change and they don't change the same way in every place they are spoken. Gotten used to be the standard form in Britain, but it stopped being so a couple of centuries ago. In North America it lingered and now it's crossing the Atlantic again. I'm sure that to many Britons it sounds like the Americans are mangling the language again and the young people are imitating them.

I American English speakers would say:

I've got to go/I have to go/I must go.

Had I gotten far into it, I wouldn't have wanted to leave.

I've got some chocolate on me.

I'd gotten some chocolate on me before we arrived at the candy store.

This newspaper has gotten terrible lately.

I will have gotten good by then.

I put a few extra words in for context. AE does use "gotten" for the past participle in perfect tenses. "Have got" is treated as "have," not "have/had gotten."

There's another difference in US English. When one says, I've got to go, it means s/he must. By comparison, if one says, I've gotten to go (wherever), it means s/he has had the opportunity. This is not a hard and fast rule, but often applies. For your sentences, here are the answers: 1. got; 2. gotten; 3. got; 4. gotten; 5. gotten; and 6. gotten. Going through this exercise reminds me of another meaning of gotten. It is to have become.

It's very tricky! I taught ESL (American ESL) for decades, and the students who had studied British English prior to coming to the USA used "got/gotten" in ways that sounded very strange to us.

Here are some observations about American English. They depend on the meanings of "have" or "get"

--I have a car. (=possession)

--I have to go. (=must)

--I got some chocolate on my shirt. I got a new car. (=acquired)

--It's getting better and better. (=becoming)

<and>

--as a past participle, we generally use "gotten," rather than "got"

If you are talking about possession of an item, it's best to use HAVE, rather than HAVE GOT, but this may be regional variation. (I have some money on me=in my pocket)

You would say "I got some chocolate on me" in simple past--you dribbled chocolate on your shirt. It's hard to come up with a present perfect situation, but past perfect could be, "My mom yelled at me because I had gotten chocolate on my shirt."

For the imperative: I have to go.

Adding "got" makes it REALLY important that you go right now. "I have GOT to go." Notice that this is an odd form of simple present, not present perfect (not "have gotten")

For the meaning of "become," you would use got/gotten depending on if it is simple past or the past participle:

I got better after I practiced for 10 days in a row.

I'm practicing a lot and I'm getting better and better every day.

By the end of the summer, I will have gotten as good as my brother.

1. got 2. gotten 3, got 4.got 5. gotten 6. gotten. Older grammar rules and habit.

Funny thing is,I have yet to hear an American use the word 'gotten' but I hear the Brits say it all the time in TV shows & books etc.

Gotten is an Americanism and has no part in the English language.

Americans might say, "I've gotten some good advice from him," but that's still not grammatically correct.

"Got" is the past tense of "get."

"Gotten" is the past participle of "get."

He he got some toast for his birthday.

He had gotten toast for his birthday, but he exchanged it for a pony.

you don't really need to use it