what are the requirements for an electrical engineer?

For an electronics and electrical engineer, I have found that a solid foundation in electronics (this covers analog and digital), physics, chemistry, mechanics & materials, and whatever specialty that your project requires is essential.

You don't need a university degree to call yourself an engineer (some of the best engineers I have met didn't have degrees). You need to understand how to apply basic principles and work up to what you are designing. I find that an engineer out of the uni takes about 5 years before they are useful, 10 years before they are proficient.

Some engineering (electrical & civil) requires a license to sign off on certain types of projects (generally anything that risks lives). The PE license generally is a 5 year endeavor after uni training.

A complete understanding of Murphy' Law. 

Under Biden you merely have to have the right skin color

A degree in engineering or a closely related subject (like physics), or years of experience as an engineering technician.

Really depends on the company hiring.