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NeuroProf asked in Arts & HumanitiesHistory · 2 decades ago

Modern Human Evolution? How did all populations of humans advance at the same time?

For approximately 150-200,000 years, humans essentially lived like very smart animals, then fairly suddenly, about 10,000 years ago, we all seemed to have discovered agriculture and "civilization"..a few thousand years later we were all writing. I have never seen a decent, logical explanation for how all the populations of the Earth took this "great leap forward" at the same time-After 150-200,000 years, suddenly within about 1% of that time frame, there are cities everywhere from the Middle East, to China, to North and South America? Writing starting independently everywhere? For me, this is the most mysterious event in all of history-any ideas? (I dont really subscribe to the Space Odyssey alien intervention theory...)

Update:

Funny, Peaches, but the skeletal structure of Australian Aboriginals is nothing like that of Neanderthal, and Neanderthal had a brain case only slightly larger than modern human-and almost exactly the same when body size is accounted for..At any rate, genetics studies show that all current populations of humans are very closely related. Yes, I know there are populations of humans that are still in hunter/gatherer societies (far far in advance of primates), but Im speaking of those large areas that leaped into technology suddenly.

Update 2:

A good answer as far as it goes, Knowitall-but you mention that 500 or a thousand years is plenty of time for technology to travel-but from the middle east to south america? We might see agriculture develop as a "natural" response of humans to climatic change, but writing? That seems a stretch, as a "natural" response to anything. 500 years may seem a lot to us today, but there hasnt been any discenible change in humans for 100,000 years-makes 500 seem an awfully suspicious duration. To say that the Australian Aboriginal culture did not develop this sort of means of survival because "everything was there" for survival seems a bit glib when looking at the natural resources available to the South Amercian peoples compared to the Australian peoples-but at least it was a considered response.

Update 3:

Just to clarify, I dont have an answer in mind-I really have no idea. But, I dont see any evidence for either space aliens or magical supernatural forces, (except perhaps for the Flying Spaghetti Monster). Nothing I have ever read on the subject really makes sense to me-there seems to be something missing (some cultural panspermia) but I have no idea what it is. Even if there was a biblical flood-remember, Noah and his family landed together on a single peak, not spread out over the Earth.

Update 4:

And Careful, Revon.. You stated "I wish I saw the Earth before the Flood. I have the feeling that we would all feel like Kindergarten kids compared to the intelligence those people had back then." Yet according to the bible, God killed them for wickedness and evil...They couldnt see the flood coming, didnt believe Noah, and couldnt escape the flood while it was happening..Where is the evidence there for vast intelligence? Or is intelligence equivalent to evil and wickedness?

Update 5:

Good answer, Jorganos-I have read "Guns, Germs, and Steel" and gained an understanding of some of these differential effectors- But, now that I see the answers, I suppose it's really the question of written language that is the big stumper for me- I can see agriculture, maybe (though humans had been through Ice Age recessions before and didnt discover it) and I can see them taking their original tool culture from way back 100,000 years ago-and maybe even cities, as populations grew due to agriculture. But writing? Does writing automatically spring from agriculture and city living?

Update 6:

Ok, thirdeye. that I can see as being a reasonable hypothesis: agriculture-->cities--->complex economy---->making lists----> language. So language, perhaps our greatest invention, was developed by accountants..wow.

Update 7:

Collossians, you do yourself a disservice by not knowing the physics and science behind your argument-the half-life of carbon 14 is only a bit over 5000 years. thus, half of it is gone in 5000 years, 3/4 in 10000, 7/8 in 15000...etc. We can's use carbon dating for anything older than about 15-20,000 years, because there begins to be so little C14 left we cant measure it. This lack of understanding of science seriously hurts the credibility of religious people, and it should not- I have studied the bible for decades, to understand the opposing viewpoint-why do so few religious people do the same?

9 Answers

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  • Anonymous
    2 decades ago
    Favorite Answer

    Once you have agriculture, the rest falls into place. Agriculture developed in 3 different places in history independently: The Fertile Crescent, China and in South America (not all at the same time by the way). Honestly, it is a little odd that this happened in different places, but not so odd that it must not be true.

    Once agriculture is discovered, there is a reason for people to stay in one location, and to group with other humans for protection. From here cities form. Eventually in this city, someone is going to become the leader in order to benefit the city. Early on, this was probably a religious leader or a very good political leader. Once there is a hierarchy established, gradually a complex economy is developed. In this economy, people will rely on other people for goods-otherwise known as specialization. To keep track of these goods, someone either has to remember every transaction or has to have a way of documenting everything. This is the origin of the written word. From there, you get writing, and everything else pretty much continues on.

  • 2 decades ago

    I understand the puzzle and alot of great discussions but I have a question for you to ponder

    your fixed on this 150-200,000 year span. There is no evedence that Humans have even been around that long. the only evedence is that humans have been around for roughly 8 thousand years. using this number than the progression of society falls within statistical ranges. What about carbon dating, not accurate as the media would let on. carbon 14 dating can only go back about 40,0000 years well that is a big jump from 150,000. Also a sample of all of the coal beds across the globe have been taken and carbon 14 has been done. Each coal bed has the same # of Carbon 14 moleculse in them and the age that scientists say the coal would have to be to form the earth is about 33,000, the same is true with diamonds wich evoloutionists say are to have no C14 but contain about the same amount. this puts the earth at a very young age it self not millions of years old but thousands of years old.

    No evedene is out there to say without a doubt how old the earth is but there is astonishing evedence to support that the earth is fairly young on the evelutionists time frame.

    this may not answer your language question but it does help to answer the human civilization expantion.

    Source(s): Carbon-14 Dating Shows that the Earth is Young by Curt Sewell http://www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html and My organic Chemistry class
  • 2 decades ago

    The information that you have been given is incorrect. All humans have not evolved at the same time. For example, the Aborigines of Australia have been nearly the same for the past 40,000 years. Even their bone structure is more like the Neanderthal Man than that of Modern Man. In case you didn't know, the Neanderthal Man had a much larger brain than that of Modern Man. To this day, there are still many primitive cultures that would be considered "Hunters and Gatherers" nothing like the people that ask and answer these questions.Therefore, we have not all evolved at the same time. I hope this helps. I can see why you would be confused after being told such nonsense.

  • 2 decades ago

    Intelligent Design? Or could be the account in Genesis be true? That "Cain went and built a city" and all his descendants "discovering" and starting everything from agriculture to music and writing? (see Genesis 4:19).

    I wish I saw the Earth before the Flood. I have the feeling that we would all feel like Kindergarten kids compared to the intelligence those people had back then.

    I would guess that "living like smart animals" happened right after the flood when 8 very intelligent humans had to live on "survival kits" and had to use their ingeniosity to build someething from a wasted land.

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  • 2 decades ago

    First off, humans (or rather our species, homo sapiens) did not live as "very smart animals;" rather our ancestors developed a very sophisticated hunter-gather culture based on stone technologies, such sites as the Chauvet caves of Europe ( http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet/... ) or the sites throughout North Asia and America (http://www.workingdogweb.com/Artifacts.htm ) all demonstrate that prior to the Neolithic age and the agricultural revolution you refer to, human cultures were developed technologically, artistically and (based on burials) spiritually. Here is a good site for a general overview of Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) cultures http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_homo_5.htm

    So if we had it so good, why did anything change? The end of the last glaciation period about 11,000 years ago, the climate began to warm, tundra was replace by forests, the large game that had been the material basis of human culture began to disappear from the Northern hemisphere, and people began to experiment with agriculture. The rise of towns and cities followed. There is by a way a "time lag" between, say, Jericho ( http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Jericho_Tell_Sul... ) generally though of as the "oldest" human town (we know of so far) and Catal Huyak, another ancient Neolithic town in Turkey ( http://www.pittsburghdiary.com/travel/Turkey/Catal... ) of about 500 years, more than enough time for "new" technology to travel. Similarly, writing appears independently, but at different times, the oldest Sumerian script (supposedly the oldest example of writing so far) pre-dates the earliest Egyptian inscriptions by 500 years ( http://www.ancientscripts.com/ws_timeline.html ) So rather than spontaneous civilizations arising at once all over the globe, we have various human populations dealing with the similar climatic and cultural changes over 5,000 years before we find the rise of the great riverine civilizations of the ancient world. It is also important to note that "civilization" was a production of those human populations who found themselves in geographic areas where our "old" culture could no longer provide for all, As an early answer pointed out, those humans who found themselves in geographical niches that still supported hunting-gathering (Australia, rain forests, sub-Arctic tundras, etc.) did not change. Finally it is no mystery that all of these various cultures developed (roughly) within a short span; we are all the same species, we were bound to come up with similar solutions to the problems of climate change - each solution with its own local (geographic) variation.

  • 2 decades ago

    The development of human civilisation has no direct connection to contemporary evolution.

    The Stone Age hunter gatherer cultures became culturally sophisticated during the last Ice Age, but not limited to exposure to the Ice - rock carvings or paintings in Africa have been dated similarly to early cave paintings in the Pyrenees. The theory that it was the conflict with the neanderthals which sped up cultural development (of both sides) is somewhat flawed since there are roughly contemporary finds of similar art in southwestern Africa where there were no neanderthals.

    Certain cultural seeds were invented only once, others seem to have seen parallel development. Teaming up with tameable wolves and selecting the most tameables to produce dogs probably was one significant step into the direction of domestication. Food animals followed later, after horticulturalists had found out that Einkorn and other products reliably could be regrown.

    The plow appears to have been invented only once, probably in the fertile crescent, spreading over the sedentary horticulturalist cultures.

    Nomad herders appear to have given up sedentary agriculture as a consequence of climate changes or soil degradation, or as a means of expanding into agriculturally less viable environments.

    Riding appears to have started south of the Ural mountains. Yoked donkeys and oxen predate horse riding. Horses as draught beasts were ineffective until the yoke (which was designed to get maximum power out of oxen) was replaced by harnesses - rather lately.

    Tallying became a necessity where conditions demanded cohabitation and cooperation of larger communities - i.e. where irrigation was necessary, or where people specialized on non-agricultural activities like salt mining, flint mining or metal production. From tallying came mathematics and record-keeping (writing).

    As for the timing, climatic changes altered the environment of the stone age humans, and made new life-styles possible. The receding ice left fertile soil behind, which was claimed by agriculturists when favourable weather patterns had evolved. The dominant big game of the Ice Age couldn't cope well with the climate changes and followed the tundra northward. Hunters followed them or switched survival methods. In middle Europe, reindeer hunters were replaced by coastal and riverine fisherfolk, then horticulturists. Sometimes the people migrated, about as often they adopted ideas from small migratory groups and changed their ways.

    The climate change was not continuous, and there were periods of deterioration forcing people to adapt to new methods of survival, or to migrate. Major natural desasters forced their own cultural selection, like the flooding of the Black Sea basin, the eruption of the Kythera volcano, or simply periods of cold years when distant volcanoes darkened the sky.

    I am less familiar with the developments in Africa and the Far East, and the major catastrophes there, but wherever the plow went, cultures remained in contact, and concepts or even trade goods and major plagues could be exchanged. The settlers of the Americas lost contact before the invention of the plow or the wagon and never developed that degree of "mechanisation" in their horticulture. Instead they cultivated different native plants and led other concepts (like Inka terrace fields) to a perfection not found in the Old World. The need for cooperative efforts in agri- or horticulture to sustain the population necessarily led to the formation of cities. Good summers were necessary for good harvests, which is why sun deities were both worshipped and propitiated all over the world.

    In my opinion, it was a period of opportunities and challenges triggered by the climate change which kicked human civilisations off and made them abandon the well-developed but less populous hunter-gatherer culture.

  • 2 decades ago

    when man made it possible or figured out how to travel to other regions of the earth information and knowledge spread i guess. some i guess just still dont get it, there are tribes in africa and south america that are still living close to the way primates lived all those thousands of years ago.

  • 2 decades ago

    Alien intervention..... Genetic engineering on a global scale. All the signs are there.

  • Anonymous
    2 decades ago

    ya believe in god only answer ive found????!!!

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