Do I have a right to my property as a minor? My father changed the locks on my house with my stuff inside...?

You said your a minor so now the question is did your dad buy you all of those things or did your mom, you or other people buy most of your stuff? If your dad bought it for you than its actually his property and he can do what he wants with it. But if your mom bought you a bunch of stuff too or if you did with your job than your mom can call the cops and ask them to help you two get your stuff back. If you get the cops involved than make sure when you contact them you are ready to get your stuff because they will usually give you a time frame of like an hour or two to get it out while they stand there making sure nothing happens (unless they show up and your dad agrees to let you get your stuff).

Call the police, not 911, but the administrative number during regular working hours. Arrange for an officer to meet you there so that you can retrieve your things. They do this all the time. Just make sure to arrange it at a time when somebody will be there.

As an alternative, you can sue your father in small claims court.

You don't say how old you are. Or what state.

I would recommend calling legal aid.

Call your friend with the police escort and ask how that happened.

Call the police.

All those things were probably bought with your father's money, which make them his.

If you are being cared for by mom now, you have no legal recourse until age 18.