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Etymology of Portuguese/Spanish "oeste"?
Oeste is the Portuguese word for "west." Now, the Latin word is "occidens," but I feel that the Portuguese word, as well as the equivalent term used in many other modern Italic languages is much more Germanic. I'm wondering if perhaps "oeste" can be traced back to the Germanic groups which dominated the Iberian peninsula, as well as much of Europe, in the period following the fall of Rome, in which the Romance languages began to grow distinct from Latin Vulgate. I read on a Spanish website that "oeste" derives directly from the English "west," but I find this hard to believe, considering how it's also reflected in other Romance languages. It seems more likely to me that each Romance language inherited the word from an earlier West, or East Germanic language.
A few comparisons:
Portuguese (Ibero-Romance): oeste
Spanish (Ibero-Romance): oeste
Catalan (Ibero-Romance): oest
French (Gallo-Romance): ouest
Italian (Italo-Dalmatian): ovest
Romanian (Eastern Romance): vest
(note that the voiced labial-velar approximant cannot be denoted by a single letter in any of these Romance languages)
German (West Germanic): westen
Old High German (West Germanic): westar
Dutch (West Germanic): west
Norwegian (North Germanic): vest
Swedish (North Germanic): vaster
I think it's safe to assume that the Proto-Germanic was something like *westan.
I don't know the Proto-Indo-European, but I think that neither "occidens," nor "westar" are from the PIE root for west, considering that no other branch of the Indo-European family (to the best of my knowledge) commonly uses a native word resembling either.
It should also be noted that both Spanish and Portuguese contain direct derivatives of "occidens" as well as this more Germanic word. (occidente, and ocidental, respectively)
4 Answers
- BrennusLv 61 decade agoFavorite Answer
I remember reading in either W.D. Elcock's "The Romance Languages" (1960) or William J. Entwistle's "The Spanish language" (1936) (Can't remember which) that it is a loanword from Anglo-Saxon (Old English) by way of French.
"Vest" is a neologism in Romanian probably influenced by the English word. The traditional Romanian word for "west" is apus which also means "sunset" from the verb a apune "to set (the sun)." It goes back to a Vulgar Latin *ad ponere.
Albanian has an interesting word for west " perëndimi" from Latin from Latin imperator "emperor" because the Roman emperors dwelled in the West.
Occidens, the Classical Latin word for "west" left no direct descendants in any of the modern Romance languages that I am aware of. Mario Pei also talks a little bit in his "Story of Language (1960) about how the Romance languages borrowed the words for directions and some of their colors from the Germanic languages. He though it was strange since the Romans were not color blind nor deficient in telling directions. However, I've also been told that languages don't always borrow words from other languages for any rational reasons either.
So, you might want to get a hold of a copy of either Elcock's "Romance languages" or Entwhistle's "The Spanish language" to verify the etymology of Spanish oeste.
- aidaLv 71 decade ago
I think you're right that "oeste" has Germanic roots--it's probably a legacy of the Visigoths and/or the Vandals. The American Heritage Dictionary traces the word to a hypothetical Indo-European "wespero-," meaning "evening" and the root of the Greek "hesperos," also meaning evening. You may know that, in Book II of the Aeneid, Aeneas is first told that his destiny lies in "Hesperia," the land to the west, and that he sails around the Mediterranean in a generally westward direction for some time before he puts enough pieces together to realize that he's meant to go to Italy.
Source(s): Majored in Latin,and had five years of French, three of German, 2 1/2 of Greek, and 1 1/2 of Old English--and have a general interest in language. - Americo GLv 71 decade ago
you are right. Portuguese and Spanish "oeste" come from Germanic. The words for the four cardinal points have Germanic origin.
EDIT
According to the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary, that word comes from French "ouest". The French word, comes from Old English "west".
So, it is possible to say that the Spanish word comes from an English word, via French.
- ehretLv 45 years ago
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