How do you say "socially liberal" and "socially conservative" in Italian?

There is not an equivalent like in the USA. We have a right wing and a left wing. Till 10 years ago in the right wing we had also the fascists and in the left wing we had also the comunists (very strong party during the Cold War), so as you can imagine the wings were opened to many different parties (more than 30 till few years ago) and ideals. Nowadays the right wings supports the corrupt Silvio Berlusconi and they defend the Church, the left wing is more progress-oriented. But a new strong power is growing, the Five Star Movement. Its ideals are: no corruption, high turnover in politics (we have politicians who have been in Parliament since 35 years ago) and so on, but they never ruled the nation as they are new, so we don't know what can they really do. Your Obama would be in the right wing in Italy, while your Repubblicans would be considered fascists.

Socially Liberal in Italy means opposition to censorship , and compulsory church attendance, advocating separation of Church and State.

The Partito Liberale is liberal on Social issues but free enterprise oriented toward economic issues

The Partito Conservatore is more Church oriented, stricter about social issues and morality, and tries to mix Church and state. Economically, they are slightly more socially oriented than the Liberales.

All of these Parties were part of the right wing Berlusconi coalition which just fell after many years.

Hopefully they will now be replaced by a Democratic, Socialist Communist Coalition, which will bring greater change and humanity to Governments, and less corruption as well

Hope this helsp

no, there's no equivalent like in the USA. USA politic is totally different