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what is a theoretical freezing point?

I am in Chem111 and we did an experiment about the freezing point of Acetic Acid, the freezing point of acetic acid while stirring and the freezing point of acetic acid with salt. How do i determine a theoretical freezing point?

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  • 8 years ago
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    ΔTF = The change in the freezing point.

    ΔTF = KF · b · i = Molality * (-1.858)(2) = Molality * (-3.716)

    Molality = moles salt/Kg water

    "If the solution is treated as an ideal solution, the extent of freezing point depression depends only on the solute concentration that can be estimated by a simple linear relationship with the cryoscopic constant:

    ΔTF = KF · b · i

    ΔTF, the freezing point depression, is defined as TF (pure solvent) - TF (solution).

    KF, the cryoscopic constant, which is dependent on the properties of the solvent, not the solute. Note: When conducting experiments, a higher KF value makes it easier to observe larger drops in the freezing point. For water, KF = 1.853 K·kg/mol.[4]

    b is the molality (mol solute per kg of solvent)

    i is the van 't Hoff factor (number of ion particles per individual molecule of solute, e.g. i = 2 for NaCl, 3 for BaCl2).

    This simple relation doesn't include the nature of the solute, so this is only effective in a diluted solution. For a more accurate calculation at a higher concentration, Ge and Wang (2010)[5] [6] proposed a new equation:

    ΔT_F =ΔH^{fus}_{T_F}-2RT_{F}{\cdot}ln(a_{liq})-\sqrt{2ΔC^{fus}_{p}T^{2}_{F}Rln(a_{liq})+(ΔH^{fus}_{T_F})^2}}{2(ΔH^{fus}_{T_F}{T_F}+ΔC^{fus}_p/2 - Rln(a_{liq}))

    In the above equation, TF is the normal freezing point of the pure solvent (0oC for water for example); aliq is the activity of the solution (water activity for aqueous solution); ΔHfusTF is the enthalpy change of fusion of the pure solvent at TF, which is 333.6 J/g for water at 0oC; ΔCfusp is the differences of heat capacity between the liquid and solid phases at TF, which is 2.11 J/g/K for water.

    The solvent activity can be calculated from Pitzer model or modified TCPC model, which typically requires 3 adjustable parameters. For the TCPC model, these parameters are available at reference [7] [8] [9] [10] for many single salts." -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing-point_depres...

    I suspect that you are actually using a solution of Acetic Acid, and the actual solvent is water. Acetic Acid is one of the solutes.

    Enthalpy of Fusion = 6.01 kJ/mol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_%28data_page%29...

    Entropy of Fusion = 22.0 J/(mol·K)

    Molal Freezing point Constant = −1.858 °C kg/mol

    If your salt is NaCL, j = 2

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