how to repair win98 os?

Let me describe these in two ways,

1. The first way is

You should have an repair disk, Let me give an brief intro about that,

Creating a "Real" Emergency Repair Disk

As you probably know, both Windows 95 and Windows 98 allow you to create an emergency repair disk (ERD). However, if you've ever looked at the contents of this disk, you may have questioned its ability to help you out of a jam. For example, in some versions of Windows 95, this disk contains nothing more than the files necessary for booting to a DOS prompt from the disk. Although subsequent releases of Windows 95 and Windows 98 include more files on the ERD, you're still better off creating your own repair disk. In this article, we'll show you how to make a truly effective emergency repair disk.

What should an ERD be able to do?

Ideally, a good ERD should be able to recover any PC from any crash. However, such versatility is impossible because of limited disk capacity, and because it's impossible to predict every potential problem. Therefore, you need to make the best possible use of the space you do have on the disk. To do so, it helps to make a list of the main functionality you hope to gain from your ERD. Such a list may contain things like the following.

Bootable

Since the entire purpose of an ERD is to repair Windows, you must assume when you create the disk that Windows doesn't work. Therefore, it's important to make the disk bootable so that you can access the hard disk of a damaged computer via a DOS prompt.

Access CD-ROM drives

As you probably know, you can't access a CD-ROM drive through DOS unless you've loaded drivers for the CD-ROM drive. Because virtually all software ships on CD-ROM, it's extremely important for your ERD to be able to access your CD-ROM drive. You should also keep in mind that you'll probably be using this disk in a variety of PCs. Therefore, if possible, it's a good idea to set up a multiboot environment on your disk that allows you to use a menu to load the driver for any CD-ROM drive in your organization. Doing so isn't as difficult as you might think; we'll show you how to do this later on.

Repair a damaged hard disk

Because corrupted files cause many Windows problems, you should consider making a disk that's capable of scanning your hard disk for damaged files and directories.

Maintain files and disks

Because you'll be working in a DOS environment when using your ERD, it's especially helpful to include files for maintaining your hard disk and files for maintaining individual files. Although many commands such as COPY and ERASE are built into DOS, other, more powerful commands aren't. Later on, we'll show you which of these files you should include on your disk and why.

Edit text files

Some of Windows' most critical files are text based. When there's a problem with Windows, you need to be able to make changes to files such as Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, System.ini, Win.ini, and other configuration files. Making these changes is virtually impossible without a text editor. Therefore, it's important to include a text editor on your ERD.

Our disk

So far, we've given you a general explanation of what functionality you should include in your ERD. Now it's time to go over the specifics of creating such a disk.

Making the disk bootable

To begin making your ERD, boot your computer in the usual manner and open an MS-DOS Prompt window. Next, insert a blank disk and type the command FORMAT A: /S

Doing so will create a bootable floppy disk.

Adding the CD-ROM driver

Once you've made a bootable disk, you need to add the CD-ROM drivers to it. If you look at your computer's Config.sys file, you should see a command similar to the following:

DEVICE=C:\CDROM\D011V110.SYS /D:MSCD0000

Because this command varies from computer to computer, yours may be slightly different. To add CD-ROM drivers to your ERD, copy your Config.sys file to the floppy disk. Now, edit the Config.sys file on your disk and remove each command except for the CD-ROM driver command. Then, change the path of the device driver from the C drive to the root directory of the A drive. For example, if your original CD-ROM driver command looked like our earlier example, you'd change it to

DEVICE=A:\D011V110.SYS /D:MSCD0000

Now, copy the file specified in your CD-ROM driver command from its original location on your hard disk to the root directory of the disk you're creating. For example, if your original command was the one we've been using, you'd copy the file D011v110.sys from C:\Cdrom to A:\.

The device driver is only half of the necessary CD-ROM files. Normally, Windows automatically loads another file to make the CD-ROM drive functional. However, in DOS you must manually load a similar file. To do so, copy the file Mscdex.exe from the \Windows\Command directory to your ERD's root directory. Next, create an Autoexec.bat file on your disk. Your Autoexec.bat file should contain a command similar to the following:

A:\MSCDEX /D:MSCD0000

The A:\MSCDEX portion of this command will work for all computers. The /D:MSCD0000 portion of the command will vary depending on your device driver. Notice that part of our device driver command contains /D:MSCD0000. Whatever your device driver command contains in this location, you'll attach to the end of your MSCDEX command. For example, if your Config.sys file contains the following command, you'd use the command below it in Autoexec.bat:

DEVICE=A:\BPCDDRV.SYS /D:BPCDDRV$

A:\MSCDEX /D:BPCDDRV$

Next, reboot your computer with the ERD and make sure you can access your CD-ROM drive. As we mentioned earlier, it's helpful to have your disk contain drivers for each type of CD-ROM drive in your company. For example, in Figure A, you can see that our disk boots to a menu we can use to select the driver that we want to use for the CD-ROM drive.

Figure A: This menu lets us select the CD-ROM driver that our ERD will load.

See full-sized image.

Although creating such a menu may seem complex, it's actually quite simple. DOS has all of the menu commands built in—you need only make Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files that use this built-in functionality. Below is a sample Config.sys file. You can use our sample file to create your own multiboot environment.

Sample Config.sys

[MENU]

MENUCOLOR=15,1

MENUITEM=AZ, AZI CD-ROM Drivers

MENUITEM=HP, Goldstar CD-ROM Drivers for HP Vectra

MENUITEM=MC, Hitachi CD-ROM Drivers

MENUITEM=BP, Back Pack CD-ROM Drivers

MENUITEM=SY, Sony External CD-ROM Drivers

MENUITEM=NN, No CD-ROM Drivers

[COMMON]

device=himem.sys

device=drvspace.sys

[AZ]

REM AZI CD-ROM Drivers

DEVICEHIGH=a:\SGIDECD.SYS /D:MSCD000

[HP]

rem The following line is for the HP Vectra

DEVICEHIGH=a:\gscdrom.SYS /D:MSCD000

[MC]

REM Standard Hitache CD-ROM Drivers

DEVICEHIGH=a:\d011v110.SYS /D:MSCD000

[BP]

rem the following line is for the backpack CD-ROM

device=a:\bpcddrv.sys /d:bpcddrv$

[SY]

rem the following line is for the external Sony CD-ROM

DEVICE=SLCD.SYS /D:SONY_000 /B:340 /M:P /V /C /E:2

[NN]

rem No CD-ROM Drivers

Notice the MENUITEM commands at the beginning of the file. Each menu item contains two initials followed by a description that will appear on the actual menu. When the user selects a menu choice, the Config.sys file will process all instructions in the [COMMON] section and all instructions in the section whose initials match those specified in the MENUITEM command.

The Autoexec.bat file works in a similar manner. DOS processes the commands at the beginning of the Autoexec.bat file. When DOS reaches the GOTO %CONFIG% command, it causes the command interpreter to skip to the section of Autoexec.bat that matches the initials specified in Config.sys's MENUITEM command. Here is a sample Autoexec.bat file:

Sample Autoexec.bat

@echo off

prompt $p$g

path=a:\;c:\windows\command;c:\windows

GOTO %CONFIG%

:AZ

REM AZI CD-ROM Driver

mscdex /d:mscd000

GOTO END

:HP

REM Goldstar CD-ROM Driver for HP Vectra

mscdex /d:mscd000

GOTO END

:MC

REM Hitachi CD-ROM Driver

mscdex /d:mscd000

GOTO END

:BP

REM Back Pack CD-ROM Driver

MSCDEX /D:BPCDDRV$

GOTO END

:SY

REM Sony CD-ROM Driver

MSCDEX /D:SONY_000

GOTO END

:NN

REM No CD-ROM Driver

GOTO END

:END

Rem End of file

Other files to add to your disk

When you have your CD-ROM driver or drivers working, you should add several other files to your ERD. Below is a list of these files and the reason for including them. Unless we've specified otherwise, each of these commands are available in the \Windows\Command directory.

Sys.com

The Sys.com command allows you to make any floppy disk or hard disk bootable. For example, if you were working on a computer whose boot sector had been destroyed by a virus, you might run the command SYS C: to add the Io.sys, Msdos.sys, and Command.com files to the hard disk.

Attrib.exe

The Attrib.exe program is critical for working with three types of files in a DOS environment. By following the ATTRIB command with a filename, a plus or minus sign, and the letter H, R, or S, you can add or remove the hidden, read-only, and system attributes, respectively from a file. For example, if you wanted to make every file in your current directory visible, you could type this command to remove the hidden attribute: ATTRIB *.* -h

To hide a visible file, you'd change the minus sign after the file name to a plus.

Mem.exe

The Mem.exe command is useful for viewing what's currently loaded in memory. To use this command, simply type MEM /C.

XCOPY*.*

XCOPY*.* includes all Xcopy and Xcopy32 files. The XCOPY command works exactly like the COPY command. However, you can add the /S switch to copy subdirectories, while the COPY command can copy only the current directory. For example, if you wanted to copy the current directory and all of its subdirectories to the D drive, you'd type XCOPY *.* /S D:

Deltree.exe

If you've ever tried to delete a large directory structure from the DOS prompt, you know how tedious it can be. You must remove the contents of each subdirectory individually before you can erase the main directory. For example, suppose you had a directory called Letters that contained the subdirectories A, B, and C. Using the normal DOS commands, you'd have to type the following sequence of commands to remove the Letters directory:

CD\LETTERS\A

ERASE *.*

CD..

RD A

CD B

ERASE *.*

CD..

RD B

CD C

ERASE *.*

CD..

RD C

ERASE *.*

CD..

RD LETTERS

This long sequence of commands can be easily replaced by typing the simple command DELTREE LETTERS. Needless to say, the DELTREE command is a big timesaver.

EDIT.*

The Edit files allow you to use the MS-DOS EDIT program. The EDIT program is a text editor that you can use to alter system files such as Config.sys, Autoexec.bat, and System.ini, to name a few.

Chkdsk.exe

Although CHKDSK's repair capabilities are obsolete, using the CHKDSK command is still the quickest method in a DOS environment to check your hard disk size and remaining free space. To do so, simply type CHKDSK followed by the letter of the drive you want to check.

Format.com

The FORMAT command is useful for formatting blank floppies. You can also use it to reformat a damaged hard disk.

Diskcopy.com

The DISKCOPY command duplicates a floppy disk. To use this command, type DISKCOPY followed by the source drive and the destination drive. For example, you might type

DISKCOPY A: A:

Extract.ext

If you've ever looked at the contents of your Windows CD, you probably know that all the files that make up Windows are stored in a compressed format within CAB files. If you need to replace a damaged Windows file, you can use the EXTRACT command to decompress the file you need. For detailed instructions on using this utility, type EXTRACT /?.

Mode.com

Occasionally, a problem may result in your not being able to read the screen. If this happens to you, you can use the mode command to return the screen to a readable state. For example, to view a standard DOS format screen you'd type MODE CO80.

Scandisk.exe

If you've used Windows for any time at all, you're probably already familiar with the Scandisk utility. Scandisk allows you to correct hard disk problems.

Fdisk.exe

The FDISK command can be used to repartition your hard disk. You should be cautious when using FDISK, because once you delete a partition, you can't recover it through conventional means.

Doskey.com

The DOSKEY command allows you to repeat commands you've already typed by pressing the up arrow. This shortcut is especially handy if you're doing a complex procedure with a lot of repetitive typing.

More.com

Using the MORE command causes the computer to show you only one screen full of information at a time. For example, suppose you have a long text file called Readme.txt. If you type the command TYPE README.TXT the computer will display the file too quickly to read. However, typing TYPE README.TXT |MORE will cause the computer to display the file while pausing after each screen full of information.

Himem.sys

You may have noticed that we used the Himem.sys command in Config.sys. We did this to load our CD-ROM drivers into high memory and preserve precious conventional memory. You can use Himem.sys to load a variety of drivers into high memory.

PKZIP and PKUNZIP

Many times, when trying to repair a malfunctioning computer, you'll have to use a patch that's stored in ZIP format. Under normal circumstances, you'd probably use a utility like WinZip to decompress such a file. However, if Windows won't load, you won't be able to use WinZip. PKZIP and PKUNZIP offer similar functionality to WinZip, but they work in a DOS environment. You can download these utilities from http://www.pkware.com/ .

I have explained how to make an effective ERD. Keep in mind that although this disk is a good tool for recovering from crashes, it's best used in combination with other tools and a comprehensive backup program.

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Our second way of repairing is

Quick windows 98 repairs

These command lines all rebuild parts of the registry back to the default. Any changes made in the areas rebuilt may be (but not necessarily) lost.

The headings give a general indication of the area they repair. However they are inter-related and it is worthwhile trying all of them for problems with Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, Explorer, Start Menu, Taskbar and the Desktop.

Type these command lines into the Start Run dialog box.

Fixing the Taskbar & Start Menu

Booting up in safe mode will restore a hidden taskbar. This is because when Explorer starts in safe mode it sets it's some of its Start Menu and Taskbar settings back to the default.

Repair Compressed Folders (require Plus!)

regsvr32 zipfldr.dll

Repair Internet OCX Cache

regsvr32 /i occache.dll

Repair Explorer, the Desktop, Taskbar & Start Menu, Send To

Win98

This checks and sets between 2,000 and 3,000 registry entries

regsvr32.exe /i shdocvw.dll

and

This checks and sets between 4,000 and 6,000 registry entries

regsvr32 /i shell32.dll

IE5

regsvr32.exe /i shdoc401.dll

Problems with Active Desktop

regsvr32 /i mshtml.dll

Restore standard file associations

rundll setupx.dll,InstallHinfSection DefaultInstall 132 c:\windows\inf\shell.inf

and to repair internet file associations, and problems with previewing images.

Win98

This checks and sets between 2,000 and 3,000 registry entries

regsvr32.exe /i shdocvw.dll

and

This checks and sets between 4,000 and 6,000 registry entries

regsvr32 /i shell32.dll

IE5

regsvr32.exe /i shdoc401.dll

Repair Web View

This restores the default registry entries for Web View, though it doesn't restore the Shell's registry entries also used in Webview. Webvw also contains the htt template and graphic files used in Web View and this command will extract them.

regsvr32.exe webvw.dll

Some More to Try

regsvr32 vbscript.dll

regsvr32 rsabase.dll

regsvr32 mmefxe.ocx

If a program is involved try to start the program with the /r or /reg parameter. To reregister Outlook Express use;

C:\Program Files\Outlook Express\MSIMN.exe /reg..

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Enjoy well...

Its better to re-install if u find difficult to follow and u are not worried of data.

... Mery christmas...

Windows 98 Repair

No, Microsoft has terminated its support for Windows 98 and Windows 2000, so you can't download it in the 1st place. If you are going to copy it from a CD, then it may run.

Very simple...go to start> run ...here type in SFC...This will start a System file checking program..have your windows 98 restore cd handy..if the Sfc finds a corrupt or,damaged file.place the cd into the cd rom and repair from that

Well

You can download WinZip for free from this link http://j.mp/1p6Pw0y

WinZip is the best software to compress and decompress files.

I have been using it for years

Whats the problem? because if its critical problem you might have to reformat or if its something less serious then maybe its fixable.

install windows XP upgrade