Process of Making Stainless Steel?

MAKING OF STAINLESS STEEL

Stainless Steel also Known as Inox Steel is a Steel Alloy with a Minimum of 11% Chromium Content and a maximum of 1.2% Carbon by Mass. To make a stainless steel, various Metals like iron ore, chromium, silicon, nickel, etc. are melted together in an electric furnace. This step usually involves around 8 to 12 hours of intense heat. Next, the mixture is cast into one of several shapes, including blooms, billets, and slabs. and then it is cast into solid form.

Difference Between Steel and Stainless Steel

Steel which is also known as Mild steel contains carbon as the alloy, whereas stainless steel includes chromium. Stainless steels are alloys that are made up of iron and generally contain around 11.5% chromium.

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MAKING OF STAINLESS STEEL

Know that we know what a Stainless Steel is lets us know understand the Making of a Stainless Steel. From Requiring Raw Materials to making it to a Complete Finished Product, From Packaging to Shipment making a stainless steel requires time and is a Lengthy Process.

Melting and casting

Melting and Casting is the First Stage involved in making a Stainless Steel. For Making a Stainless Steel the raw materials are first melted for between eight and 12 hours in an Intense Heat. The excess carbon is then removed and other alloying elements, such as nickel and molybdenum, are added, before the metal is cast into semi-finished forms.

Forming

The Second Stage is the Forming stage, where the steel is heated and is passed through huge Rolls that are then formed into Bar and Wire. Along with that the slabs are formed into Plates, Strips and Sheet.

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Heat treatment

After the Forming Stage, the third Stage is the Heat Treatment Stage which is also called as annealing. Heat Treatment is a process that heats and cools the steel under controlled conditions to relieve internal stresses and soften the metal.

Descaling

Annealing causes build-up, or scale, to form on the steel. They can be removed using one of several methods, the most common of which are:

1. Pickling

For a Better output of a Stainless Steel, Electro cleaning - an electric current is applied to the surface using a cathode and phosphoric acid.

2. Cutting

Cutting in making a Stainless Steel ensures that the desired blank shape is achieved, and can also be used to trim the part to its final size. Mechanical cutting can be carried out in several ways - straight shearing, circle shearing, vertically positioned sawing, blanking, flame cutting, plasma jet cutting or nibbling.

3. Finishing

Surface finish is an important specification for stainless steel products, especially in applications where appearance is important. Certain finishes also make stainless steel easier to clean, which is a key consideration for applications in the medical and catering industries. Several finishes can be achieved:

• A dull finish - produced by hot rolling, annealing, and descaling.

• A bright finish – produced by hot rolling and then cold rolling on polished rolls.

• A highly reflective finish - produced by cold rolling and annealing, by grinding with abrasives, or by buffing a finely ground surface.

• A mirror finish – achieved by polishing with progressively finer abrasives, followed by extensive buffing.

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 Use of Stainless Steel

• Architecture and Construction

• Automotive and Transportation

• Medical

• Energy and Heavy Industries

• Food and Catering

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