Bilal

In humans, red-green color blindness is the result of a recessive mutation of an X chromosome gene. A color blind man and a normal woman (i.e., not a carrier) have a color blind son who is not aneuploid. When and where did the nondisjunction event(s) occur in the parents?

a. meiosis I in the father

b.  meiosis I in the father and meiosis I or II in the mother

c.  meiosis I in the mother and meiosis I or II in the father

d.   meiosis II in the father and meiosis I or II in the mother

e.  meiosis II in the mother

In humans, the q arm of a normal, wild-type chromosome 10 displays the following pattern:

21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 22.2 22.3 23.1 23.2 23.32 24.1 24.31

The centromere is not part of the region shown above. What kind of chromosome variation is represented by

21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 22.2 22.3 23.1 23.2 24.1 24.31?

a. deletion

 b. duplication

 c. paracentric inversion

 d. pericentric inversion

 e. translocation

A 31.8-g ice cube is initially at 0.0°C.

(a) Find the change in entropy of the cube after it melts completely at 0.0°C. Hint: The latent heat of fusion for water is 3.33 10^5 J/kg.

(b) What is the change in entropy of the environment in this process?

A 68.0-kg log falls from a height of 23.0 m into a lake. If the log, the lake, and the air are all at 304 K, find the change in entropy of the Universe during this process.

 Has to be in J/K

What is the change in entropy of 1.00 kg of liquid water at 100°C as it changes to steam at 100°C?

A freezer sits in a large room. A container of liquid water, with a volume of 4.7 L and at a temperature of 0°C, is placed in the freezer, where it is completely converted into ice. Throughout the freezing process, the interior of the freezer is maintained at a temperature of 0°C.

(a) Find the change in entropy (in kJ/K) of the water during the freezing process.(b) Find the change in entropy (in kJ/K) of the interior of the freezer (not including the water) during the freezing process.(c) The freezer's coefficient of performance (cooling mode) is 4.00. How much heat (in J) does the freezer expel to the room in which the freezer sits during the freezing process? Give the absolute value.(d) If the room that houses the freezer stays at a constant temperature of 20.0°C, what is the total entropy change (of the water, freezer interior, and the room combined, in kJ/K) during the freezing process?

In each cycle of its operation, a heat engine expels 4,000 J of energy and performs 2,000 J of mechanical work.

(a) How much thermal energy must be added to the engine in each cycle?

(b) Find the thermal efficiency of the engine.

A balloon holding 4.50 moles of nitrogen (N2) gas absorbs 895 J of thermal energy while doing 127 J of work expanding to a larger volume.

(a) Find the change in the balloon's internal energy (in J).

(b) Calculate the change in temperature of the gas (in K).

A sample of gas in a cylinder is compressed by a piston at a constant pressure of 0.800 atm. The volume of the cylinder decreases from 7.50 L to 3.00 L, while at the same time 340 J of energy leaves the gas by heat.

(a) What is the work done on the gas (in J)?(b) What is the change in its internal energy (in J)? 

A cylinder with a moveable piston on top, free to move up and down, contains one mole of an ideal gas initially at a temperature of Ti = 4.0°C. The cylinder is heated at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm, and it expands to three times its original volume.

(a) Calculate the new temperature Tf of the gas (in K).(b) Calculate the work done (in kJ) on the gas during the expansion. 

To see just how rapidly windows conduct heat, calculate the rate of conduction in watts through a 3.32 m2 window that is 0.655 cm thick if the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces are 5.00°C and −10.0°C, respectively. This rapid rate will not be maintained — the inner surface will cool, and frost may even form. The thermal conductivity of glass is 0.84 J/(s · m · °C).

A 2.43-g lead bullet traveling at 478 m/s strikes a target, converting its kinetic energy into thermal energy. Its initial temperature is 40.0°C. The specific heat is 128 J/(kg · °C), latent heat of fusion is 24.5 kJ/kg, and the melting point of lead is 327°C.

(a) Find the available kinetic energy of the bullet.

(b) Find the heat required to melt the bullet.

To help prevent frost damage, 4.07 kg of 0°C water is sprayed onto a fruit tree. The latent heat of fusion of water is 79.8 kcal/kg.

(a) How much heat will be released by the water as it freezes?

(b) How much would the temperature of the 180-kg tree decrease if it lost this amount of heat, given its specific heat is 0.800 kcal/(kg · °C), and no phase change occurs?

Its initial temperature is 40.0°C. The specific heat is 128 J/(kg · °C), latent heat of fusion is 24.5 kJ/kg, and the melting point of lead is 327°C.

(a) Find the available kinetic energy of the bullet.

(b) Find the heat required to melt the bullet.

The specific heat capacity of water is 1.00 kcal/(kg · °C), and its latent heat of fusion is 79.8 kcal/kg.

(a) How much heat in kcal is required to raise the temperature of 0.510 kg of water from 0°C to 26.0°C?

(b) How much heat is required to first melt 0.510 kg of 0°C ice and then raise its temperature to 26.0°C?