I work for a house of worship. They do not withhold Federal tax on my paycheck. Do I have to pay Federal tax on that income?

in what manner do you work for them? as an employee(W-2 type) they would withhold FICA but possibly no income tax due to a low amount of gross and possibly depending on how you filed your W-4 with them

if this work is all cash, this is self employment and at the very least you owe self employment tax

the amount that is taxable for income tax depends on your status and the amount of dependents you might claim

If FICA taxes were not withheld, you must attach Schedule SE to your return and pay the self-employment tax. Hopefully they pay you enough extra to make it worthwhile to work there.

You also pay income taxes on that income.

yes

Yes.

They may be tax exempt. However, you are not.

Yes you do.

yes you do