Can I sue a friend who owes me money from 10 years ago?

Yes, since they just owe you money.

You can sue.  Whether it will result in your being paid remains to be seen.

No, the SOL on a debt would be long gone by now.

Not in Georgia because the statute of limitations on a debt is 2 years and even if you have a written contract the limitation is 6 years. Other states would be similar.

Probably not. Even with a written contract the SOL has expired

if you have a promissory or loan note, yes.

I think the statue of limitations has run out, so no.

Basically no.

Unless you have been regularly chasing for the return of the money, it is time barred after 6 years and the debt is unenforceable.

To sue, you would first need to prove that the money is owed.  If there is no documentation, your friend could claim that he thought it was a gift.  You would also need to prove that you had been actively chasing it up.

47 years ago, a friend asked me to lend him the money to pay his rent arrears so that he and his family would not be evicted.  I lent him £60 (around $750 in today's money)  I haven't seen him since - best £60 I ever spent.

you can try but without documentation you won't win

No.  Lending money with the expectation of repayment is a contract.  The Statute of Limitations on contract law is four years.